Cefradine

Cefradine belongs to the pharmacological class of first-generation cephalosporin antibiotics.

Cefradine belongs to the pharmacological class of first-generation cephalosporin antibiotics.

Cefradine can help to relieve symptoms and also for the treatment and maintenance of pharyngitis, sinusitis, otitis media, tonsillitis, laryngo-tracheo bronchitis, acute and chronic bronchitis, lobar and bronchopneumonia, cystitis, urethritis, pyelonephritis, abscess, cellulitis, furunculosis, impetigo, etc.

Cefradine is a cephalosporin antibiotic, a class of β-lactam antibiotics similar to penicillins, which binds to and inhibits penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs).

The common side effects involving the use of Cefradine are nausea, vomiting, itching or irritation on the skin, stomach pain, mild diarrhea, etc.

Cefradine is approved in U.S., U.K., Germany, Japan, Malaysia, India, and China.

Cefradine is available in the form of capsules, reconstituted powder for solutions, and intravenous and intramuscular injections.

Cefradine can be used in the following treatment:

• Acute and chronic bronchitis
• Lobar and bronchopneumonia
• Pharyngitis
• Sinusitis
• Otitis media
• Tonsillitis
• Laryngo-tracheo bronchitis.
• Cystitis
• Urethritis
• Pyelonephritis.
• Abscess
• Cellulitis
• Furunculosis
• Impetigo

Cefradine can help to relieve symptoms and also for the treatment and maintenance of pharyngitis, sinusitis, otitis media, tonsillitis, laryngo-tracheo bronchitis, acute and chronic bronchitis, lobar and bronchopneumonia, cystitis, urethritis, pyelonephritis, abscess, cellulitis, furunculosis, impetigo, etc.

Cefradine is approved for use in the following clinical indications:

• Acute and chronic bronchitis
• Lobar and bronchopneumonia
• Pharyngitis
• Sinusitis
• Otitis media
• Tonsillitis
• Laryngo-tracheo bronchitis.
• Cystitis
• Urethritis
• Pyelonephritis.
• Abscess
• Cellulitis
• Furunculosis
• Impetigo

Capsules and Reconstituted powder of suspension: To be taken orally.

Intravenous and Intramuscular: To be administered by a registered medical practitioner.

Adult dose: 0.5-1g P.O. q6-12h

Respiratory tract infection: 250 mg PO q6h or 500 mg PO q12h; Pneumonia, 500 mg PO q6h or 1g PO q12h

Skin/skin structure infection: 250 mg P.O. q6h or 500 mg P.O. q12h

Urinary tract infection (uncomplicated)L 500 mg P.O. q12h (serious) 500 mg P.O. q6h (severe or chronic) up to 1 g P.O. q6h

Pediatric dose: 75-100 mg/kg/d, divided q6-12h

Otitis media: 25-50 mg/kg/day P.O. divided q6-12h; (due to H. influenzae): 75-100 mg/kg/day P.O. divided q6-12h - maximum 4g per day

Disease state-based dosing:

Renal failure: CrCl 10-50 mL/min, 50% of the usual dose at normal interval CrCl less than 10 mL/min, 25% of the usual dose at normal interval

Hepatic failure: No dosing changes are recommended at this time

Intravenous/Intramuscular

Adults:

Daily Dose is 2-4 g daily in 4 equally divided doses intramuscularly or intravenously i.e. 500 mg to 1 g four times a day.

Prophylaxis:

In order to prevent postoperative infection in contaminated or potentially contaminated surgery :

1-2 g intravenously or intramuscularly.

1 g for every 4-6 hours after the first dose for 1 to two doses or for up to 24 hours postoperatively.

Prophylaxis in Cesarean section:

The first dose of about 1 g is administered intravenously.

Capsule: 250mg, 500mg

Reconstituted powder for suspension: 250mg/5ml powder

Capsules, Reconstituted powder for solution, Intravenous and Intramuscular.

Cefradine may be contraindicated under the following conditions:

• Patients with known hypersensitivity to the cephalosporins.
• Previous immediate or severe hypersensitivity reaction to penicillin or to any other beta-lactam medicinal products.

The physician should closely monitor the patients and keep pharmacovigilance as follows:

Renal impairment:

The use of Cefradine in the patients with renal dysfunction should be monitored carefully. A modified dosage schedule in patients with decreased renal function is

essential.

Prolonged use:

As with all antibiotics, prolonged use might result in the overgrowth of non-susceptible organisms.

Hypersensitivity phenomena:

Hypersensitivity phenomena is more likely to occur in the individuals who have a previously demonstrated hypersensitivity and those with a history of hay fever,allergy, asthma or urticaria. A special caution is required to determine any other type of previous hypersensitivity reactions to penicillin or to other beta-lactam medicinal products as patients hypersensitive to these medicines might be hypersensitive to Cefradine as well as (cross-allergy).

History of Colitis/Gastrointestinal disorders:

Cefradine should be used cautiously in those patients with a known history of colitis/gastrointestinal disorders.

Pediatric use: As these products might contain arginine, they should be used cautiously in the pediatric population.

Usage of alcohol should be avoided while on Cefradine medication, as alcohol can worsen the effects of any underlying disease condition, including conditions such as dizziness, blurred vision, etc.

There are found to be no adequate studies on women to determine infant risk when using this medication during breastfeeding. Hence it is important to weigh the potential benefits against the potential risks before taking the medication while breastfeeding.

Pregnancy Category C

Animal studies have shown an adverse effect, as well as there are no adequate studies on pregnant women, or there are found to be no animal studies had been conducted, and there are found to be no adequate studies in pregnant women.

No sufficient scientific evidence is traceable regarding the use and safety of Cefradine in concurrent use with any particular food.

The adverse reactions related to Cefradine can be categorized as follows:

• Gastrointestinal: Diarrhea
• Hepatic: Abnormal liver function tests
• Hematologic: Thrombocytosis, Neutropenia, leukopenia, eosinophilia, thrombocytopenia,impaired platelet aggregation
• Dermatologic: Rash (maculopapular), puritis, urticaria
• Renal: Interstitial nephritis
• Other: Anaphylaxis

The clinically relevant drug interactions ofCefradine is briefly summarized here:

Penicillins:

There has been evidence of partial cross-allergenicity between penicillins and cephalosporins. Hence, Cefradine should be used cautiously in those patients who have known hypersensitivity to penicillins.

There have been instances of patients who had reactions to both drug classes.

Loop diuretics:

Loop diuretics might increase nephrotoxicity of cephalosporins.

Probenecid: Probenecid had been seen to raise serum concentrations of cephradine by reducing the renal clearance of cephalosporins.

Active drug substances of high molecular weight: These are found to be incompatible with cephalosporins in the form of parenteral mixtures.

Oral contraceptives: In common with other antibiotics, cephradine might affect the gut flora, leading to lower estrogen reabsorption as well as reduced the efficacy of combined oral contraceptives.

Warfarin: The concomitant use of cephradine with warfarin might result in an increased international normalized ratio and thereby increasing the risk for bleeding. The mechanism of the interaction appears to have involved alterations in intestinal flora that synthesis vitamin K.

Live Typhoid Vaccine: Cefradine, like other antibiotics with antibacterial activity against Salmonella typhi organisms, might interfere with the immunological response of the live typhoid vaccine.

The following are the side effects involving Cefradine:

Pharmacodynamics

Cephalosporins produce a time-dependent killing.

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