Dyphylline

Dyphylline belongs to the pharmacological class Methyl Xanthines. Dyphylline appears to have bronchodilatory effects in the pulmonary system. Dyphylline is rapidly mediated through competitive inhibition of phosphodiesterase, which in turn results in an increase in cyclic AMP, thereby helps in relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle as well as antagonistic effect of adenosine receptors.

Dyphylline has been found to be approved for relieving symptoms and for the treatment and maintenance of episodes of asthma, bronchospasm and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.

Metabolism of Dyphylline is mainly hepatic route. The route of the elimination of Dyphylline is primarily 80% through urine.

The common side effects associated with Dyphylline are trouble sleeping, irritability, shortness of breath, vomiting, diarrhea, loss of appetite etc.

Dyphylline is available in the form of oral tablets.

Dyphylline is available in U.S., Canada,E.U. , India, Australia, Japan.

Dyphylline belongs to the pharmacological class of Corticosteroids. Dyphylline appears to have anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects in the pulmonary system.

Dyphylline is rapidly mediated through competitive inhibition of phosphodiesterase, which in turn results in an increase in cyclic AMP, thereby producing relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle as well as antagonistic effect of adenosine receptors.

Dyphylline has been found to be approved for relieving symptoms and for the treatment as well as maintenance of episodes of asthma, bronchospasm, and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.

Dyphylline can be used in the treatment of:

• Asthma
• Bronchospasm
• Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.

Dyphylline is approved for use in the following clinical indications:

• Asthma
• Bronchospasm
• Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.

Tablet is to be swallowed with water as a whole.

Oral dosage form : 200mg, 400mg

Oral tablets

Maintaining health and smoking cessation and is a must.

In take of Caffeine is to be avoided or limited to use as it may lead to the risk of nervousness, rapid heartbeat, nausea, palpitations etc.

Alcohol should be avoided in the patient especially in patients with an underlying liver disorder or liver dysfunction

Diet containing food with a salt, preservatives, refined and high energy-dense foods, high glycemic index, red and processed meat, added sugar, saturated and trans fat food, low fiber, low antioxidants, and vitamins is to be restricted.

The dietary restrictions should be individualized as per the patient's requirements.

Dyphylline may be contraindicated under the following conditions:

• Hypersensitivity to the ingredients of the medication
• Porphyria, a rare blood disorder
• Concomitant administration with the asthma medications for children aged less than 6 year

The adverse reactions related to Dyphylline can be categorized as:

Less common

• Nervousness
• Trembling
• Trouble with sleeping
• Fast heartbeat
• Headache
• Increased urination
• Nausea

Rare

• Hives
• Seizures
• Bloody Vomit
• Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone
• Extra Heartbeats
• Sinus Tachycardia

The clinically relevant drug interactions of Dyphylline are briefly summarized here:

Synergistic action between xanthine bronchodilators e.g. theophylline, ephedrine, and the other sympathomimetic bronchodilators had been reported and should be considered.

Concurrent administration of Dyphylline with probenecid, which competes for tubular secretion, has caused increase the plasma half-life of dyphylline

The common side effects of Dyphylline include the following:

• Trouble sleeping
• Irritability
• Restlessness
• Nervousness
• Shaking
• Flushing
• Increased urination
• Stomach pain or cramping
• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Diarrhea
• Loss of appetite
• Headache

Pregnancy

Teratogenic effects Pregnancy Category C.

Animal reproduction studies had not been conducted with Dyphylline. It is also not known whether Dyphylline can cause fetal harm when it is administered to a pregnant woman or whetehr it can affect reproduction capacity. Dyphylline should be given to a pregnant woman only if the potential benefits outweighs the potential risks associated.

Nursing Mothers

Dyphylline might be secreted in human milk. As there is potential for adverse reactions, which can be serious in nursing infants from use of Dyphylline, hence a decision should be made whether to discontinue the drug or to discontinue nursing, taking into account the importance of the drug Dyphylline to the mother.

Pediatric Use

The safety and effectiveness of Dyphylline in children has not been established.

Geriatric Use

Clinical studies using Dyphylline did not have sufficient numbers of subjects aged 65 and over in order determine whether they respond differently from the younger subjects. Other reported clinical experience had not identified differences in responses between the older and younger patients. In general, dose selection for an older patient should be done cautiously, usually starting at the low end of the dosing range, reflecting the greater frequency of decreased renal, hepatic,or cardiac function as well as of concomitant disease or other drug therapy

Physician should be vigilant and knowledgeable about the treatment pertaining to the identification and treatment of over dosage of Dyphylline.

There has found to be no reports pertaining to the over dosage information related to Dyphylline medication.

Pharmacodynamics

Dyphylline is said to be a xanthine derivative which has pharmacologic actions similar to that of theophylline and other members belonging to this class of drugs. The primary action of Dyphylline is bronchodilation, but it is also said to exhibit peripheral vasodilatory and other smooth muscle relaxant activity to some extent. The bronchodilatory action of dyphylline, is thought to be mediated through competitive inhibition of phosphodiesterase with a resulting increase in cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate producing bronchial smooth muscle relaxation.

• https://www.medicine.com/drug/dyphylline/hcp
• https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Dyphylline
• https://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-55908/dyphylline-gg-oral/details/list-sideeffects
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• https://go.drugbank.com/drugs/DB00651