Mitiglinide

Mitiglinide is an anti-diabetic agent belonging to the pharmacological class of Meglitinides Derivatives.

Mitiglinide is approved for use in Japan but has not yet gained FDA approval for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus, particularly for individuals who experience post-meal elevations in blood glucose levels. It helps reduce the blood sugar levels by increasing insulin release from the pancreas in response to meals.

Mitiglinide is rapidly absorbed following oral administration, reaching peak plasma concentrations within 1 to 1.5 hours. It is mainly metabolized in the liver, and its metabolites are eliminated primarily through the kidneys.

Mitiglinide's most common side effects include diarrhoea, nausea, dizziness, headache, malaise and hypoglycemia.

Mitiglinide is available in the form of oral tablets.

The molecule is available in Italy, Spain, the United Kingdom, China, Germany, South Korea and Japan.

Mitiglinide is an Anti-diabetic Agent belonging to the pharmacological class of Meglitinides Derivatives.

Mitiglinide is thought to increase the production of insulin by attaching itself to and obstructing ATP-sensitive K(+) (K(ATP)) channels in pancreatic beta-cells (Kir6.2/SUR1 complex). Calcium influx is stimulated through voltage-gated calcium channels when potassium channels close, resulting in depolarization. The exocytosis of insulin granules is then triggered by high intracellular calcium.

Data duration of Mitiglinide action lasting about 2- 4 hr after each dose.

The onset of Mitiglinide action is shown typically within 30 minutes.

The Data of Tmax of Mitiglinide is typically within 0.5-1 hour after oral administration.

The Data of Cmax of Mitiglinide typically achieved within 0.23-0.28 hours after oral administration.

Mitiglinide is available in the form of oral tablets.

Tablets: To be swallowed whole with water/liquid. Do not chew, crush or break it.

As the physician recommends, take the medication orally three times daily; it is best taken before meals.

Mitiglinide helps in the control of type 2 diabetes. Stimulating insulin secretion, especially after meals, helps regulate blood sugar. Better glycemic control results from this, lowering the possibility of hyperglycemia. It works well for controlling post-meal glucose increases, which is crucial for the general management of diabetes. By enabling individualized dosage with meals, improving patient adherence, and promoting improved long-term blood sugar management, Mitiglinide offers therapeutic flexibility.

Orally: Mitiglinide is available as a tablet that can be taken orally. Mitiglinide should be taken before meals, usually within 5 minutes before eating. It is best to take it regularly at a fixed time each day following the physician's prescribed schedule for regular and evenly spaced intervals because the dose and duration of therapy are individualized per specific conditions to achieve the most effective and successful treatment outcome.

The dosage and duration of treatment should be as per the treating physician's clinical judgment.

Mitiglinide is available in the form of oral tablets.

Adults should typically take 10 mg of mitiglinide three times a day before meals.

The dosage should be changed depending on the symptoms.

Mitiglinide should be used in treating Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, along with appropriate nutritional limits.

There are no specific dietary restrictions when taking Mitiglinide. It is crucial to follow a good balanced and healthy diet.

Taking Mitiglinide just or up to 30 minutes before a meal is advised; skipping meals or delaying meals while on this medication can lead to low blood sugar (hypoglycemia). Also, limit or avoid the intake of alcohol, as it can interfere with blood sugar regulation.

The dietary restriction should be individualized as per patient requirements.

Mitiglinide may be contraindicated in the following conditions:-

Avoid use during breastfeeding.

The adverse reactions related to Mitiglinide can be categorized as

The clinically relevant drug interactions of Mitiglinide are briefly summarized here.

May enhance the hypoglycemic effect when combined with insulin preparation, biguanides (like metformin), α-glucosidase inhibitors (like voglibose), insulin sensitizers (like pioglitazone HCl), salicylates (like aspirin), clofibrate, sulfanilamide (like sulfamethoxazole), β-adrenergic blocking agents (like propranolol), MAOIs, anabolic hormone (like mestanolone), and tetracyclines (like tetracycline HCl, minocycline HCl). Epinephrine, adrenocortical hormones (e.g., methylprednisolone), ovarian hormones (e.g., ethinylestradiol) & thyroid hormones, nicotinic acid, INH, pyrazinamide, phenothiazines (e.g., chlorpromazine), diuretics (e.g., thiazide, chlorthalidone, ethacrynic acid), phenytoin, and guanethidine sulphate may lessen the hypoglycemic effect.

The most common side effects of Mitiglinide include:

Women who are pregnant or may become pregnant should not take mitiglide. Mitiglinide can pass the placental barrier, according to research done on rats. Furthermore, in one case, a neonatal rat dam passed away, and the possibility that hypoglycemia—which may have been brought on by the pharmacological effects of GLUFAST (Mitiglinide)—played a role in the incident could not be rejected. As such, it is not advised to use mitigatriline while pregnant.

Breastfeeding mothers on Mitiglinide should not continue. This is due to the fact that rat studies have verified that mitiglinide is present in breast milk, which has raised concerns over possible exposure to nursing infants. As such, it is best to refrain from nursing while using mitiglinide.

As per the FDA, safety and effectiveness in the pediatric population have not been established.

Mitiglinide should be administered with caution to older individuals, as their physiological functions are commonly compromised. To guarantee the medication's efficacy and safety in this population, treatment may be initiated at a lower dose, usually 5 mg each, and blood glucose levels will be closely monitored.

The physician should be vigilant about the knowledge pertaining to the identification and treatment of overdosage of Mitiglinide.

Overconsumption of Mitiglinide is unknown.There is no specific antidote or treatment for excessive intake of Mitiglinide. However, immediate medical attention is essential. Mitiglinide should be terminated immediately when an overdose is suspected or if any unusual symptoms occur after intake.

Suppressing action of blood glucose elevation: A single-dose trial employing the double-blind crossover approach was conducted on twenty individuals with Type 2 diabetes mellitus. To stop the rise in blood glucose, 10 mg of this medication was administered, encouraging more insulin to be secreted early after meals. Given orally, mitiglinide calcium hydrate suppressed increased blood glucose after loading the liquid meal orally. It decreased the post-loading plasma glucose area under the concentration-time curve value in streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus model rats due to its rapid-acting insulin secretion-promoting activity (in vivo).