Study Explores How India's Changing Diet May Expose Genetic Cholesterol Risks - Video

Could your genes make everyday dietary choices a hidden risk for high cholesterol? A new study suggests that Indians carrying certain genetic variants may be more vulnerable to elevated cholesterol levels when consuming diets rich in refined carbohydrates and low in fruits, vegetables and fibre.

The research, published on October 14, 2026, in PLOS One, was conducted by scientists from the University of Reading and the Madras Diabetes Research Foundation in Chennai. It examined how genetic susceptibility and overall dietary patterns interact to influence cholesterol levels among people of Indian heritage.

Researchers highlighted that dietary habits across India are changing, with increasing consumption of white rice and refined flour alongside reduced intake of fibre-rich foods, fruits and vegetables. These changes may carry additional metabolic risks for individuals with certain genetic predispositions.

The study analysed genetic information and dietary patterns from 1,020 adults in Chennai. Participants were assigned dietary scores based on their food consumption. Researchers found that individuals carrying genetic variants associated with diabetes had higher cholesterol levels when their diets contained fewer fruits, vegetables, beans and lentils.

Professor Vimal Karani of the University of Reading, who led the study, explained that people may unknowingly carry genetic variants that make them more susceptible to the effects of unhealthy dietary patterns. He emphasised that genetic predisposition does not necessarily determine future health outcomes and that increasing consumption of fruits, vegetables and pulses could potentially benefit those at greater metabolic risk.

However, researchers cautioned that the findings demonstrate an association rather than a cause-and-effect relationship. Further long-term studies are required to determine whether dietary improvements can directly lower cholesterol in genetically susceptible individuals.

The findings also raise the possibility that genetic testing could eventually help identify individuals who may benefit most from personalised dietary recommendations to reduce cholesterol-related health risks.

REFERENCE: Bineid, M. M., et al.; (2026) Low diet quality increases the genetic risk of high blood cholesterol levels in Asian Indian adults; PLoS ONE; DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0357182