Novel Blood Test Promises Timely Diagnosis of Diabetes in Kids, Study Reports - Video

A new study from King's College London published in Nature Medicine reveals A new type of blood test using lipids could make it easier to identify children at risk of complications around obesity including type two diabetes, liver and heart disease.

The findings also contest the common idea that cholesterol is a leading cause of complications around obesity in children, identifying new lipid molecules that contribute to health risks like blood pressure but are not only correlated with a child’s weight.

Lipids have traditionally been thought to be fatty acids in the body, either good or bad types of cholesterol or triglycerides, fats found in the bloodstream that are the most common in the human body. Recent studies from the same group of scientists have suggested that the picture is more complex.

Using a technique associated with chemistry called mass spectrometry, current evidence puts the types of different lipids present in the body in the thousands, each with separate functions.

Taking a control sample of 1,300 children with obesity, the team assessed the lipids in blood. Afterward, 200 of them were put on the HOLBAEK-model for a year, a lifestyle intervention for people with obesity popular in Denmark.

Subsequent readings showed that amongst the intervention group, counts of lipids tied to diabetes risk, insulin resistance and blood pressure decreased, despite limited improvements in some children’s BMI.

Dr Cristina Legido-Quigley, a group leader in Systems Medicine at King’s College London, Head of Systems Medicine at the Steno Diabetes Centre Copenhagen (SDCC) and principal author, said: “For decades, scientists have relied on a classification system for lipids that have split them into good and bad cholesterol, but now with a simple blood test we can assess a much broader range of lipid molecules that could serve as vital early warning signs for illness. In the future, this has the potential to be an entirely new way to evaluate someone’s risk of disease and by studying how to change lipid molecules in the body, we could even prevent metabolic diseases like diabetes altogether.”

Dr Karolina Sulek, who was part of the study and performed analysis at the SDCC, said: “Early recognition of children at risk for these life-threatening diseases is crucial. The study provides strong evidence of the great need for obesity management and gives parents the confidence to intervene in their children’s life more compassionately, helping them to lose weight."

Reference: Huang, Y., Sulek, K., Stinson, S.E. et al. Lipid profiling identifies modifiable signatures of cardiometabolic risk in children and adolescents with obesity. Nat Med (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-024-03279-x