Smarter Blood Tests to Detect Diseases Sooner: Researchers - Video

Michigan State University researchers now can identify more proteins, or biomarkers, in blood plasma, including those linked to specific diseases like cancer. The new method takes a deeper look at the proteins in plasma and reveals biomarkers that enable researchers and ultimately physicians to detect diseases sooner. The findings are published in Nature Communications.

“The ability to identify biomarkers advances medicine in two key ways,” said Morteza Mahmoudi, associate professor in the Department of Radiology and Precision Health Program in the MSU College of Human Medicine. “First, using a simple blood test, diseases can be identified and diagnosed earlier. That means faster treatment and better patient outcomes. Second, it helps clinicians choose the most effective treatment plan. For example, if a clinician knows at the very earliest stage of cancer that it’s metastatic, their approach to treating and managing the disease would be totally different than if they know the cancer is benign.”

“Small Molecule Modulation of Protein Corona for Deep Plasma Proteome Profiling,” shares their new methodology for deep analysis of proteins in plasma.

“Our innovative approach significantly reduces the masking effects of highly abundant plasma proteins, which often hinder the detection of critical biomarkers in human plasma,” Mahmoudi explained. “By minimizing these interactions, we can increase the visibility and identification of low-abundance proteins, making it easier to detect important biomarkers that would otherwise remain hidden. This enhancement leads to improved diagnostic capabilities, allowing for more precise and earlier detection of diseases.”

The new method reduces interference from the most common proteins in the blood, allowing researchers to detect lesser-known, low-abundance proteins that are often crucial in identifying diseases. By adding small molecules to the blood sample, they can expose these important proteins on the surface of nanoparticles, making them easier to spot using mass spectrometry — a technique that uses electric and magnetic fields to separate and analyze ionized particles.

“Our team started spiking a range of carefully selected small molecules to the plasma to minimize the interactions of highly abundant proteins with nanoparticles,” Mahmoudi said. “Then using mass spectrometry, we could increase the depth of proteome coverage by over seven-fold.”

Reference: Ashkarran, A.A., Gharibi, H., Sadeghi, S.A. et al. Small molecule modulation of protein corona for deep plasma proteome profiling. Nat Commun 15, 9638 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-53966-z