New mRNA Vaccine May Be More Effective Against Evolving Viruses: Study Shows - Video

A new type of mRNA vaccine is more scalable and adaptable to continuously evolving viruses such as SARS-CoV-2 and H5N1, according to a study by researchers at University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health and the Pennsylvania State University. The study was published in npj Vaccines.

Current mRNA vaccines, such as those used to prevent COVID-19, present two significant challenges: the high amount of mRNA needed to produce them and the constantly evolving nature of the pathogen.

To address these challenges, the researchers created a proof-of-concept COVID-19 vaccine using what's known as a "trans-amplifying" mRNA platform.

In this approach, the mRNA is separated into two fragments -- the antigen sequence and the replicase sequence -- the latter of which can be produced in advance, saving crucial time in the event a new vaccine must be developed urgently and produced at scale.

Additionally, the researchers analyzed the spike-protein sequences of all known variants of the SARS-CoV-2 for commonalities, rendering what's known as a "consensus spike protein" as the basis for the vaccine's antigen.

In mice, the vaccine induced a robust immune response against many strains of SARS-CoV-2.

"This has the potential for more lasting immunity that would not require updating, because the vaccine has the potential to provide broad protection," said senior author Suresh Kuchipudi, Ph.D., chair of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology at Pitt Public Health.

"Additionally, this format requires an mRNA dose 40 times less than conventional vaccines, so this new approach significantly reduces the overall cost of the vaccine."

Reference: Abhinay Gontu, Sougat Misra, Shubhada K. Chothe, Santhamani Ramasamy, Padmaja Jakka, Maurice Byukusenge, Lindsey C. LaBella, Meera Surendran Nair, Bhushan M. Jayarao, Marco Archetti, Ruth H. Nissly, Suresh V. Kuchipudi. Trans amplifying mRNA vaccine expressing consensus spike elicits broad neutralization of SARS CoV 2 variants. npj Vaccines, 2025; 10 (1) DOI: 10.1038/s41541-025-01166-1