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Vitamin A could have a key role in both stem cell biology and wound healing: Study - Video

Published On 2024-03-09T11:30:59+05:30  |  Updated On 9 March 2024 4:30 PM IST
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Overview

A new study published in the Journal Science demonstrated that once stem cells have transitioned into lineage plasticity, they are unable to operate efficiently until they commit to a specific fate. During a screening process to identify crucial regulators of this phenomenon, retinoic acid, the active form of Vitamin A, emerged unexpectedly as a significant factor.

Lineage plasticity, observed in various tissues in response to injury and in cancer, is best studied in minor skin injuries due to the skin's constant exposure to damage. When scratches or abrasions damage the epidermis, hair follicle stem cells are the first to respond, with other skin stem cells following suit to regenerate the skin. Some stem cells, originally dedicated to hair growth, transition into epidermal stem cells to aid in repair. This transition involves temporary expression of transcription factors from both hair and epidermal stem cells.

“Our goal was to understand this state well enough to learn how to dial it up or down,” said Elaine Fuchs professor at Rockefeller University. “We now have a better understanding of skin and hair disorders, as well as a path toward preventing lineage plasticity from contributing to tumor growth.”

The researchers explored lineage plasticity, highlighting its dual role: crucial for directing stem cells to areas needing repair, yet potentially leading to prolonged repair states and certain cancers if uncontrolled. To understand the mechanism, they screened small molecules in cultured mouse hair follicle stem cells, mimicking wound conditions were surprised to find that retinoic acid, the active form of vitamin A, was essential for these stem cells to exit lineage plasticity and differentiate into hair or epidermal cells in vitro.

“Through our studies, first in vitro and then in vivo, we discovered a previously unknown function for vitamin A, a molecule that has long been known to have potent but often puzzling effects on skin and many other organs,” said Fuchs.

The findings revealed that genetic, dietary, and topical interventions boosted or removed retinoic acid from mice and confirmed its role in balancing how stem cells respond to skin injuries and hair regrowth. Retinoids did not operate on their own: their interplay with signalling molecules such as BMP and WNT influenced whether the stem cells should maintain quiescence or actively engage in regrowing hair.

“By defining the minimal requirements needed to form mature hair cell types from stem cells outside the body, this work has the potential to transform the way we approach the study of hair biology,” said Matthew Tierney, lead author of the paper.

Reference: MATTHEW T. TIERNEY, LISA POLAK, YIHAO YANG, MERVE DENIZ ABDUSSELAMOGLU, INWHA BAEK, KATHERINE S. STEWART, AND ELAINE FUCHS; Journal: Science; DOI: 10.1126/science.adi7342

Speakers

Anshika Mishra

Anshika Mishra is a dedicated scholar pursuing a Masters in Biotechnology, driven by a profound passion for exploring the intersection of science and healthcare. Having embarked on this academic journey with a passion to make meaningful contributions to the medical field, Anshika joined Medical Dialogues in 2023 to further delve into the realms of healthcare journalism.

Dr. Kamal Kant Kohli

Dr Kamal Kant Kohli-MBBS, DTCD- a chest specialist with more than 30 years of practice and a flair for writing clinical articles, Dr Kamal Kant Kohli joined Medical Dialogues as a Chief Editor of Medical News. Besides writing articles, as an editor, he proofreads and verifies all the medical content published on Medical Dialogues including those coming from journals, studies,medical conferences,guidelines etc. Email: drkohli@medicaldialogues.in. Contact no. 011-43720751
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