Journal Club- Assessment of radiation exposure: An in-depth analysis of dose evaluation in contrast-enhanced computed tomography abdomen imaging - Video

This research has been published in the Annals of the National Academy of Medical Sciences, published by Scientific Scholar.

The advancement of diagnostic imaging highlights the critical role of computed tomography (CT) scans in disease diagnosis. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) abdomen is widely utilised for detailed visualisation of abdominal structures. However, it entails exposure to ionising radiation, raising concerns, particularly regarding cancer risk. The radiation dose from CECT varies based on scan parameters, patient size, and imaging protocols. Medical professionals aim to optimise scanning parameters to minimise radiation exposure while preserving diagnostic quality.

Hence, the objective of this study was to assess the variance in estimated doses received during CECT abdomen scans.

Data from patients undergoing CECT abdomen, including volumetric CT dose index and dose length product, were analysed by a medical physicist and Radiation Safety Officer.

This study comprised 296 patients (211 males and 85 females), primarily presenting with abdominal symptoms, with an age range of 18–85 years.

The results showed that the mean CTDIvol varied from 5 mGy to 26.42 mGy in males and from 4.96 mGy to 21.9 mGy in females, with similar trends observed in DLP values and effective doses. Statistical analysis indicated no significant difference in radiation dose by sex, though variations in effective dose were noted, possibly due to differences in exposure parameters and patient demographics.

It was finally concluded that while CECT scans effectively diagnose abdominal conditions, they do pose radiation risks. Radiology departments should monitor doses, standardised protocols, refine imaging techniques, and collaborate to ensure safety. Diagnostic reference levels are crucial for balancing the need for diagnostic information with the necessity to minimise patient exposure to radiation.