DM Interventional Radiology: Admissions, Medical Colleges, fees, eligibility criteria details

The course is a full-time course pursued at various recognized medical colleges across the country. Some of the top medical colleges offering this course include Government Medical College, Nagpur, Madras Medical College, Chennai, Christian Medical College, Vellore and more.

Admission to this course is done through the NEET-SS Entrance exam conducted by the National Board of Examinations, followed by counselling based on the scores of the exam that is conducted by DGHS/MCC/State Authorities.

The fee for pursuing DM (Interventional Radiology) varies from college to college and may range from Rs. 1,50,000 to Rs. 20,00,000 per year.

After completion of their respective course, doctors can either join the job market or can pursue certificate courses and Fellowship programmes recognised by NMC and NBE. Candidates can take reputed jobs at positions as Senior residents, Consultants etc. with an approximate salary range of Rs.35 lakhs to Rs. 80 lakhs per year depending upon their expertise.

What is DM in Interventional Radiology?

Doctorate of Medicine in Interventional Radiology, also known as DM (Interventional Radiology) or DM in (Interventional Radiology) is a three-year super speciality programme that candidates can pursue after completing a postgraduate degree.

Interventional Radiology is the sub-speciality of Radiology which focuses on utilizing minimally-invasive image-guided procedures to diagnose and treat diseases in nearly every organ system. The concept behind interventional radiology is to diagnose and treat patients using the least invasive techniques currently available to minimize risk to the patient and improve health outcomes. These procedures have less risk, less pain and less recovery time in comparison to open surgery.

The postgraduate students must gain ample knowledge and experience in the diagnosis, and treatment of patients with acute, serious, and life-threatening medical and surgical diseases.

PG education intends to create specialists who can contribute to high-quality health care and advances in science through research and training.

The required training done by a postgraduate specialist in the field of Interventional Radiology would help the specialist to recognize the health needs of the community. The student should be competent to handle medical problems effectively and should be aware of the recent advances in their speciality.

The candidate is also expected to know the principles of research methodology and modes of the consulting library. The candidate should regularly attend conferences, workshops and CMEs to upgrade her/ his knowledge.

Course Highlights

Here are some of the course highlights of DM in Interventional Radiology

Name of Course	DM in Interventional Radiology
Level	Doctorate
Duration of Course	Three years
Course Mode	Full Time
Minimum Academic Requirement	Candidates must have a postgraduate medical Degree in MD/DNB (Radiodiagnosis) obtained from any college/university recognized by the Medical Council of India (Now NMC)/NBE, this feeder qualification mentioned here is as of 2022. For any further changes to the prerequisite requirement please refer to the NBE website.
Admission Process / Entrance Process / Entrance Modalities	Entrance Exam (NEET-SS) INI CET for various AIIMS, PGIMER Chandigarh, JIPMER Puducherry, NIMHANS Bengaluru Counselling by DGHS/MCC/State Authorities
Course Fees	Rs.1,50,000 to Rs.20,00,000 per year
Average Salary	Rs.35 lakhs to Rs. 80 lakhs per year

Eligibility Criteria

The eligibility criteria for DM in Interventional Radiology are defined as the set of rules or minimum prerequisites that aspirants must meet to be eligible for admission, which includes:

Name of DM course	Course Type	Prior Eligibility Requirement
Interventional Radiology	DM	MD/DNB (Radiodiagnosis)

Note:

· The feeder qualification for DM in Interventional Radiology is defined by the NBE and is subject to changes by the NBE.

· The feeder qualification mentioned here is as of 2022.

· For any changes, please refer to the NBE website.

· The candidate must have obtained permanent registration with any State Medical Council to be eligible for admission.

· The medical college's recognition cut-off dates for the Postgraduate Degree courses shall be as prescribed by the Medical Council of India (now NMC).

Admission Process

1. AIIMS, New Delhi and other AIIMS
2. PGIMER, Chandigarh
3. JIPMER, Puducherry
4. NIMHANS, Bengaluru

Fees Structure

The fee structure for DM in Interventional Radiology varies from college to college. The fee is generally less for Government Institutes and more for private institutes. The average fee structure for DM in Interventional Radiology is around Rs.1,50,000 to Rs. 20,00,000 per year.

Colleges offering DM in Interventional Radiology

Various medical colleges across India offer courses for pursuing DM in Interventional Radiology.

As per National Medical Commission (NMC) website, the following medical colleges are offering DM in (Interventional Radiology) courses for the academic year 2022-23.

Sl.No.	Course Name	State	Name and Address of Medical College / Medical Institution	Management of College	Annual Intake (Seats)
1	DM - Interventional Radiology	Karnataka	Sapthagiri Institute of Medical Sciences & Research Centre, Bangalore	Trust	1
2	DM - Interventional Radiology	Karnataka	Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Belgaum	Trust	2
3	DM - Interventional Radiology	Maharashtra	Government Medical College, Nagpur	Govt.	2
4	DM - Interventional Radiology	Maharashtra	Bharati Vidyapeeth University Medical College, Pune	Trust	1
5	DM - Interventional Radiology	Maharashtra	Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Sawangi (Meghe), Wardha	Trust	2
6	DM - Interventional Radiology	Maharashtra	Dr D Y Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Pimpri, Pune	Trust	2
7	DM - Interventional Radiology	Rajasthan	Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Hospital, Sitapur, Jaipur	Trust	2
8	DM - Interventional Radiology	Tamil Nadu	Christian Medical College, Vellore	Trust	2
9	DM - Interventional Radiology	Tamil Nadu	Madras Medical College, Chennai	Govt.	2

Syllabus

DM in Interventional Radiology is a three years specialization course that provides training in the stream of Interventional Radiology.

NMC to date as of (25/02/23) has not defined a Competency-Based Curriculum for DM Interventional Radiology. The course content of Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Belgaum, Karnataka below provides a basic outline of what a DM in Interventional Radiology candidate has to undergo while training:

The training program is designed to provide the candidate with closely supervised and comprehensive exposure to the clinical and radiological aspects of vascular and nonvascular diseases, through practical experience and supervised training. All aspects of image acquisition, physical aspects of the equipment and hazards of radiation & measures of protection will be taught.

The training in interventional vascular & non-vascular techniques will be provided in the angiography/fluoroscopy suites. The curriculum also includes rotations through the noninvasive imaging services to gain experience with the performance and interpretation of imaging of different body parts (CT, MRI and Doppler) techniques. Special emphasis will be laid on recent advances in imaging and image-guided interventional techniques.

1st Year: Basics of Clinical aspects:

 Clinical and Laboratory Considerations Þ Symptomatology and staging of vascular disease.

 Laboratory data (including non-imaging aspects of noninvasive vascular testing;

for example, ankle-brachial indices for lower extremity arterial disease,

impedance plethysmography for lower extremity venous disease)

 Epidemiology of vascular & non-vascular diseases

 Natural history of vascular disorders

 Vascular anatomy: arterial and venous

 Embryology

 Normal anatomy

 Variant anatomy

 Anatomy of collateral pathways

 Vascular physiology, pathology and pathophysiology: arterial system

 Normal histology/physiology/morphology

 Hemodynamics: normal and abnormal flow

 Vasoactive extrinsic/pharmacologic agents

 Disorders related to pharmacologic/extrinsic agent exposure

 Atherosclerosis

 Medial sclerosis

 Pathophysiology of arterial ischemia

 Aneurysms

 Thromboembolic disorders

 Dissection

 Congenital vascular disorders

 Vascular malformations

 Other congenital disorders (eg. popliteal artery entrapment)

 Arterial effects of adjacent tissues/disorders

 Arterial infection

 Vascular alterations in neoplasia: vascular supply of neoplasms, primary vascular

neoplasms, vascular invasion by neoplasms

 Vascular alterations in inflammatory diseases

 Systemic vascular disorders

 Primary systemic vascular disorders: vasculitides and others

 Altered vascular pathology in systemic disease states

 Vascular trauma: injuries and vascular response to injury

 Mechanical injury: acute and chronic

 Thermal injury

 Arterial endothelium

 Alterations in coagulation status

 Hypercoagulable states

 Impaired coagulation

 Post-operative or post-interventional disorders

 Synthetic and endogenous grafts

 Myointimal hyperplasia

 Other/unclassified

 Vascular physiology, pathology and pathophysiology: venous/pulmonary arterial system

 Normal histology/physiology/morphology

 Hemodynamics: normal and abnormal flow

 Vasoactive extrinsic/pharmacologic agents

Normal response

Disorders related to pharmacologic/extrinsic agent exposure

 Thromboembolic disorders: acute and chronic

 Venous aneurysms

 Venous effects of adjacent tissues/disorders

 Congenital vascular disorders

Vascular malformations

Other congenital disorders

 Venous infection

 Vascular alterations in neoplasia: vascular drainage of neoplasms, primary vascular neoplasms, vascular invasion by neoplasms

 Vascular alterations in inflammatory diseases

 Systemic vascular disorders

Primary systemic vascular disorders

 Altered vascular pathology in systemic disease states

 Vascular trauma: injuries and vascular response to injury

Mechanical injury—acute and chronic

Thermal injury

 Venous endothelium

 Alterations in coagulation status

Hypercoagulable states

Impaired coagulation

 Post-operative or post-interventional disorders

Synthetic and endogenous grafts

Intimal hyperplasia

 Other/unclassified

 Neuro, head and neck anatomy, physiology, pathology and pathophysiology

 Normal anatomy of the brain, head and neck

 Normal extracranial and intracranial vascular anatomy

 Neuroimaging, head and neck imaging

 Cardiac anatomy, physiology, pathology and pathophysiology

 Normal anatomy of the pericardium and myocardium

 Normal coronary anatomy

 Cardiac metabolism and function

 Cardiac hemodynamics

 Pulmonary arteries and veins

 Pulmonary artery hemodynamics (as related to pulmonary angiography)

 Pulmonary thromboembolic disease

 Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations

 Pulmonary venous disorders

 Cardiac disorders

 Congenital heart diseases

 Acquired heart diseases: ischemic heart diseases

 Acquired heart diseases: valvular, endocardial, myocardial, and

 pericardial

 Post-operative and post-interventional disorders including synthetic and

 endogenous valve prosthesis, pericardial and synthetic baffles, PTFE and

 endogenous shunt materials, bypass grafts, intimal hyperplasia in coronary

 stents

Basics of interventional vascular/non-vascular catheterization laboratory

 Workplace considerations

 The vascular/interventional radiology suite

Equipment

Fluoroscopy

Standard angiography

Digital angiography

Image processing and recording

Other equipment (e.g. interventional ultrasound units)

Layout

 Noninvasive vascular laboratories

Equipment – Color Doppler, CT and MRI

Management

Occupational Safety Issues

 Radiation safety and hygiene

 Infection control

 Others

 Patient Considerations

 Pre-procedural assessment and care

 Intraprocedural monitoring

 Post-procedural follow-up and care

 General pharmacologic considerations

 Analgesia/anaesthesia

 Conscious sedation

 Antibiotic therapy

 Anticoagulation

 Other

 Personnel Considerations

 The vascular/interventional radiology "team": role and relationship of nurses, technologists, trainees, other physicians

2nd Year: Imaging of the vascular & non-vascular system: general principles

 Plain film

 Angiography: arteriography and venography

 Standard angiography

 Digital subtraction angiography

 Contrast agents

o Iodinated agents

o Carbon dioxide

 Vascular catheterization

 Equipment: needles, guide wires, catheters, etc.

 Vascular access

 Selective and subselection catheterization

 Risks and complications

 Contrast reactions, iodinated agents

o Anaphylactoid reactions

o Classification

o Prevention

o Ionic vs. nonionic agents

o Premedication

o Treatment

 Dose-dependent reactions

 Classification

o Acute and chronic renal effects

o Other

 Prevention

 Treatment

 Procedural complications

 Puncture site complications

 Catheterization-related complications (apart from puncture site)

 Systemic/generalized complications

 Pharmacoangiography: agents and uses

 Vasodilatation

 Vasoconstriction

 Other

 Intravascular Ultrasound

 Ultrasonography

o Grayscale

o Duplex Doppler

o Color flow

 Computed Tomography

 General

 Spiral and Multislice CT

 CT angiography

 Magnetic Resonance Imaging

 General-vascular & non-vascular

 Cardiac MRI protocols

 Blood flow evaluation and MR angiography

3rd Year:

Vascular Intervention: General

 Common Topics: vascular interventional procedures

 Anatomic considerations

 Indications and contraindications

 Techniques, devices, materials

 Results, efficacy

 Risks and complications

 Alternate techniques (surgical and medical therapeutic options)

 Vascular canalization/recanalization: re-establishment of flow

 Thrombolytic therapy

o Pharmacologic thrombolysis

 General principles

 Specific agents: urokinase, streptokinase, tissue plasminogen activator, others

o Mechanical techniques

 Fogarty balloon

 Suction thromboembolectomy

 Other/newer devices

 Balloon angioplasty

 Atherectomy

 Laser recanalization

 Mechanical recanalization

 Vascular stents

 Endovascular grafts

 Other

 Vascular blockade: the obliteration of flow

 Embolization

o Techniques

o Transcatheter

o Direct injection

o Agents

 Other methods

o Ultrasound-guided compression repair

 Re-routing of flow

 Endovascular repair of aneurysms

 Creation of new vascular channels (e.g.TIPS, fenestration of aortic dissection)

 Vascular filters

 Vascular foreign body removal

 Intravascular/transvascular biopsy

 Transvenous liver biopsy

 Other

Vascular Intervention: Specific territories

 Neuroendovascular interventions

 Stroke thrombectomy

 Endovascular aneurysm management

 Endovascular AVM management

 Endovascular AVF management

 Carotid and intracranial stenting

 Extracranial and intracranial tumor embolization

 Lower extremity vascular disease

 Arterial

o Occlusive atherosclerotic disease: recanalization

o Aortoiliac

o Femoropopliteal

o Tibioperoneal

o Intervention for peripheral arterial trauma

o Thromboembolic disorders: recanalization

o Peripheral arterial graft failure: recanalization

o Iatrogenic disorders: therapy for puncture site complications

 Venous

 Combined: vascular malformations: obliteration

 Upper extremity vascular disease

 Arterial

o Thromboembolic disorders: recanalization

o Trauma

 Venous

o Acute upper extremity venous thrombosis: recanalization

o Chronic upper extremity venous thrombosis: recanalization

 Combined: vascular malformations: obliteration

 Venous varicose-Radiofrequency ablation/ laser ablation / venaseal

 Thoracic vascular disease

 Hemoptysis

o Bronchial artery embolization

o Other techniques

 Pulmonary arteries and veins

o Pulmonary thromboembolic disease: thrombolytic therapy,

thromboembolectomy

o Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations: embolization

 Aortic disorders

 Aortic aneurysm: embolization, endovascular grafting

 Aortic dissection: endovascular grafting, fenestration

 Aortic trauma

 Central venous intervention (SVC, IVC)

 Central venous occlusive disorders

o Thromboembolic disorders

o Congenital webs

 Caval filtration and related techniques for thromboembolic disease

 Vascular diagnosis, abdominal and pelvic viscera

 Genitourinary system

o Kidney

o Renovascular hypertension: recanalization techniques

o Renal trauma

o Varicocoele / Ovarian Vein embolization

 Uterine Fibroid embolization

 GI Bleeds

 TACE / TARE for HCC

Non-vascular Interventions

 Hepatobiliary interventions

 Hepatic carcinomas-chemoembolization or RFA

 Common bile ducts abnormalities

 Liver cirrhosis

 Other miscellaneous conditions

 Pain management for neoplastic & non-neoplastic conditions by interventional

techniques under image guidance (fluoroscopy, CT, USG, MRI)

 Breast imaging & Interventions

 Vertebroplasty-Using alcohol or bone cement

 Kyphoplasty

 HIFU

 GENITOURINARY INTERVENTIONS – ESWL, PCN, PCNL

 Ureteric stenting/ Ureteric occlusions/ Management of Ureteric leaks

 Radiofrequency/ Microwave ablations pf Renal tumours Prostate etc.

 RFA/ Microwave ablations of Lung tumours Fallopian tube recanalisations

 Transarterial chemo/ embolization of osteosarcomas/ retinoblastomas

 Biopsy and drainage procedures

 Newer techniques and applications of interventional radiology and Interventional

Oncology.

 Quality Assurance Issues

 Outcomes analysis

 Practice guidelines

 Complications: classification, documentation

 Legal Aspects of Interventional Radiology

 Informed consent

 Malpractice

 Regulatory agencies

 Investigational devices and procedures

 Administrative Aspects

 Equipment purchase

 Inventory management

Career Options

After completing a DM in Interventional Radiology, candidates will get employment opportunities in Government as well as in the Private sector.

In the Government sector, candidates have various options to choose from which include Registrar, Senior Resident, Demonstrator, Tutor, etc.

While in the Private sector, the options include Resident Doctor, Consultant, Visiting Consultant (Interventional Radiology), Junior Consultant (Interventional Radiology), Senior Consultant (Interventional Radiology), and Interventional Radiology Specialist.

Courses After DM in Interventional Radiology Course

DM in Interventional Radiology is a specialisation course which can be pursued after finishing a Postgraduate medical course. After pursuing a specialisation in DM in Interventional Radiology, a candidate could also pursue certificate courses and Fellowship programmes recognised by NMC and NBE, where DM in Interventional Radiology is a feeder qualification.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) –DM in Interventional Radiology Course

• Question: What is the full form of DM?

Answer: The full form of DM is a Doctorate of Medicine.

• Question: What is a DM in Interventional Radiology?

Answer: DM Interventional Radiology or Doctorate of Medicine in Interventional Radiology also known as DM in Interventional Radiology is a super speciality level course for doctors in India that they do after completion of their postgraduate medical degree course.

• Question: What is the duration of a DM in Interventional Radiology?

Answer: DM in Interventional Radiology is a super speciality programme of three years.

• Question: What is the eligibility of a DM in Interventional Radiology?

Answer: The candidate must have a postgraduate medical Degree in MD/DNB (Radiodiagnosis) obtained from any college/university recognized by the Medical Council of India (Now NMC)/NBE, this feeder qualification mentioned here is as of 2022. For any further changes to the prerequisite requirement please refer to the NBE website.

• Question: What is the scope of a DM in Interventional Radiology?

Answer: DM in Interventional Radiology offers candidates various employment opportunities and career prospects.

• Question: What is the average salary for a DM in Interventional Radiology candidate?

Answer: The DM in Interventional Radiology candidate's average salary is between Rs. 35 lakhs to Rs. 80 lakhs per year depending on the experience.

• Question: Can you teach after completing DM Course?

Answer: The candidate can teach in a medical college/hospital after completing the DM course.