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Early Drug Resistance in Focal Epilepsy Linked to Seizure Frequency and Psychiatric History: JAMA

Australia: A new study published in JAMA Neurology highlights that most people with newly diagnosed focal epilepsy take more than a year and often require multiple antiseizure medications (ASMs) to achieve seizure freedom. The research, led by Sarah N. Barnard and colleagues from the School of Translational Medicine at Monash University, further indicates that patients with frequent pretreatment seizures and psychiatric comorbidities are at greater risk of developing drug resistance.
- 59.6% of participants eventually became seizure-free, with 83.5% of these maintaining remission without relapse.
- Early control was uncommon; during the first year of therapy, 63% of patients continued to experience seizures or worsening symptoms.
- Most patients required more than one ASM trial to achieve stability, and the median time to seizure freedom was 12.1 months.
- For those who never relapsed, this milestone was reached much sooner—around 2.2 months—compared to 7.4 months for those who experienced recurrence.
- More than half of the cohort (54.7%) were classified as treatment-sensitive, achieving seizure control with two or fewer adequate ASM trials, and nearly 90% of these responded to monotherapy.
- About half of the treatment-sensitive group, representing 27% of the total study population, became seizure-free on their first ASM.
- Treatment resistance was seen in 22.8% of participants, while 22.5% had outcomes that did not fit either category.
- The study identified important predictors of resistance. Patients who experienced frequent seizures before treatment were significantly more likely to fail therapy compared to those with infrequent episodes.
- Individuals with a history of psychiatric disorders had an approximately 1.8-fold higher risk of developing treatment resistance than those without such conditions.
Dr Kamal Kant Kohli-MBBS, DTCD- a chest specialist with more than 30 years of practice and a flair for writing clinical articles, Dr Kamal Kant Kohli joined Medical Dialogues as a Chief Editor of Medical News. Besides writing articles, as an editor, he proofreads and verifies all the medical content published on Medical Dialogues including those coming from journals, studies,medical conferences,guidelines etc. Email: drkohli@medicaldialogues.in. Contact no. 011-43720751