People with metabolic syndrome at higher risk of second stroke, death: Study
People with metabolic syndrome should take steps to modify their risk of second stroke and even death where possible, through medication, diet, exercise and other recommended lifestyle changes such as stopping smoking.
China: Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of five conditions that can increase the risk of stroke, heart disease, and type 2 diabetes. These conditions include high blood sugar, increased blood pressure, abnormal cholesterol or triglyceride levels, and excess fat around the waist.
A recent study published in the journal Neurology has found metabolic syndrome to be associated with a higher risk of stroke recurrence and all-cause mortality.
"Studies have shown conflicting results on whether metabolic syndrome, which has been tied to an increased risk of a first stroke, also increases the risk of a second stroke and death, so we wanted to analyze all of the research available," said study author Tian Li, MD, of Fourth Military Medical University in Xi'an, China. "These findings will help people with metabolic syndrome and their health care providers know that they should be screened for risk of recurrent stroke and given preventative treatments."
For the risk of stroke recurrence, the meta-analysis combined results from six studies with 11,000 participants who were followed for up to five years. During that time, 1,250 people had a second stroke. The analysis found that people with metabolic syndrome were 46% more likely to have a second stroke than people who did not have the syndrome.
Looking at each component of metabolic syndrome, researchers found that having a low level of good cholesterol and having two or more components of the syndrome were associated independently with an increased risk of a second stroke. Having excess belly fat, high blood sugar, and high blood pressure were not associated with increased risk of the second stroke on their own.
For the risk of death from any cause, the meta-analysis combined eight studies with 51,613 people who were followed for up to five years. During that time, 4,210 people died. People with metabolic syndrome were 27% more likely to die during the study than people without the syndrome. None of the individual components of the syndrome were independently associated with an increased risk of death.
"These results add to the evidence that people with metabolic syndrome should take steps to modify their risk of second stroke and even death where possible, through medication, diet, exercise and other recommended lifestyle changes such as stopping smoking," Li said.
Li noted that the studies were observational, so they do not prove that metabolic syndrome is a cause of recurrent stroke or death. They only show an association.
Reference:
The study titled, "Association of Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components With Risk of Stroke Recurrence and Mortality: A Meta-analysis," is published in the journal Neurology.
DOI: https://n.neurology.org/content/early/2021/07/28/WNL.0000000000012415
