Study Explores Possible Link Between PCOS, Alzheimer's Disease and Dementia - Video

Could a common hormonal disorder affecting millions of women also increase their risk of Alzheimer's disease later in life? A new scientific review suggests that women with polyendocrine metabolic ovarian syndrome (PMOS), formerly known as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), may be more vulnerable to memory problems, cognitive decline and dementia.

The findings, published in the Journal of the Endocrine Society, highlight a possible connection between PMOS and changes in brain health, although researchers caution that the relationship remains complex and requires further investigation.

PMOS affects approximately 10% to 15% of women worldwide and is associated with several long-term health complications, including diabetes, cardiovascular disease, stroke, depression, anxiety, infertility and endometrial cancer. The condition can have lifelong consequences, with researchers also recognising that related metabolic and hormonal abnormalities may affect males differently.

According to researchers at the University of Alabama at Birmingham, individuals with PMOS demonstrate mild but consistent difficulties in executive function and memory.

However, the review emphasised that PMOS may not independently increase dementia risk. Instead, the potential association appears to be largely influenced by metabolic complications frequently accompanying the condition, particularly insulin resistance and obesity.

The researchers also examined how shared metabolic disturbances could contribute to neurological changes over time. They suggested that understanding these overlapping mechanisms may provide valuable insights into why certain individuals develop cognitive impairment and neurodegenerative conditions.

Despite these observations, the review identified significant gaps in existing evidence, particularly regarding the long-term relationship between PMOS and dementia. Further research is needed to establish whether PMOS contributes directly to neurological decline or whether associated metabolic disorders account for the observed risks.

Researchers noted that exploring the relationship between these conditions could help scientists identify common biological mechanisms and uncover new therapeutic targets, potentially supporting the development of improved strategies for preventing or treating these serious diseases.

REFERENCE: Ricardo Azziz, et al.; Potential Links Between PCOS/PMOS and Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias; Journal of the Endocrine Society; 2026