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Study Finds Increased Ovarian Cancer Risk in Women with Ovarian Endometriomas and Deep Infiltrating Endometriosis
USA: Women with endometriosis, particularly those with more severe subtypes, have a significantly elevated risk of ovarian cancer, making them a crucial group for targeted cancer screening and prevention initiatives, a recent study has shown.
"Women with endometriosis have a 4.2-fold increased risk of developing ovarian cancer compared to those without the condition. Specifically, women with ovarian endometriomas and/or deep infiltrating endometriosis face a 9.7-fold higher risk," the researchers reported in JAMA.
Associations between endometriosis subtypes and ovarian cancer histotypes were much greater for type I (clear cell, endometrioid, mucinous, and low-grade serous) compared with type II (high-grade serous) ovarian cancers," they wrote.
Endometriosis is linked to a higher risk of ovarian cancer; however, the relationships between different endometriosis subtypes and specific ovarian cancer histotypes are not well understood. To fill this knowledge gap, Mollie E. Barnard, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, and colleagues aimed to evaluate the associations of endometriosis subtypes with the incidence of ovarian cancer, both overall and by histotype.
For this purpose, the researchers conducted a population-based cohort study using data from the Utah Population Database. The cohort was created by matching 78,893 women with endometriosis to five women without the condition in a 1:5 ratio.
Endometriosis cases were identified via electronic health records and categorized as ovarian endometriomas, superficial endometriosis, deep infiltrating endometriosis, or others.
Estimated adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) and adjusted risk differences (aRDs) per 10,000 women were calculated for overall ovarian cancer, type I ovarian cancer, and type II ovarian cancer, comparing women with each endometriosis type to those without the condition. The models accounted for sociodemographic factors, reproductive history, and previous gynecologic surgeries.
The following were the key findings of the study:
- In the Utah-based cohort, the mean age at first endometriosis diagnosis was 36 years. There were 597 women with ovarian cancer.
- Ovarian cancer risk was higher among women with endometriosis compared with women without endometriosis (aHR, 4.20; aRD, 9.90), and the risk of type I ovarian cancer was especially high (aHR, 7.48; aRD, 7.53).
- Ovarian cancer risk was highest in women with deep infiltrating endometriosis and/or ovarian endometriomas for all ovarian cancers (aHR, 9.66; aRD, 26.71), type I ovarian cancer (aHR, 18.96; aRD, 19.57), and type II ovarian cancer (aHR, 3.72; aRD, 2.42).
The findings showed a markedly increased risk of ovarian cancer among women with ovarian endometriomas and/or deep infiltrating endometriosis.
"This population may benefit from counseling concerning ovarian cancer risk and prevention and could be an important population for targeted screening and prevention studies," the researchers concluded.
Reference:
Barnard ME, Farland LV, Yan B, et al. Endometriosis Typology and Ovarian Cancer Risk. JAMA. Published online July 17, 2024. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.9210
MSc. Biotechnology
Medha Baranwal joined Medical Dialogues as an Editor in 2018 for Speciality Medical Dialogues. She covers several medical specialties including Cardiac Sciences, Dentistry, Diabetes and Endo, Diagnostics, ENT, Gastroenterology, Neurosciences, and Radiology. She has completed her Bachelors in Biomedical Sciences from DU and then pursued Masters in Biotechnology from Amity University. She has a working experience of 5 years in the field of medical research writing, scientific writing, content writing, and content management. She can be contacted at  editorial@medicaldialogues.in. Contact no. 011-43720751
Dr Kamal Kant Kohli-MBBS, DTCD- a chest specialist with more than 30 years of practice and a flair for writing clinical articles, Dr Kamal Kant Kohli joined Medical Dialogues as a Chief Editor of Medical News. Besides writing articles, as an editor, he proofreads and verifies all the medical content published on Medical Dialogues including those coming from journals, studies,medical conferences,guidelines etc. Email: drkohli@medicaldialogues.in. Contact no. 011-43720751