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  • Routine Intracameral...

Routine Intracameral Antibiotics May Not Be Necessary After Cataract Surgery: Study

Written By : Dr Riya Dave |Medically Reviewed By : Dr. Kamal Kant Kohli Published On 2024-07-03T20:00:00+05:30  |  Updated On 4 July 2024 11:13 AM IST
Routine Intracameral Antibiotics May Not Be Necessary After Cataract Surgery: Study
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Researchers have found that routine use of intracameral antibiotics may not be essential for preventing endophthalmitis after cataract surgery. A retrospective cohort study conducted at the Rotterdam Ophthalmic Institute revealed that using prophylactic antibiotics only for complicated cases did not lead to a higher incidence of this severe infection. This study was published in JAMA Ophthalmology.

Endophthalmitis, a rare but devastating infection following intraocular surgery, can result in significant and permanent vision loss in the affected eye. Preventive measures traditionally include the application of intracameral antibiotics. However, the necessity and efficacy of routine antibiotic prophylaxis remain controversial, with concerns about cost, side effects, and antibiotic resistance.

This study reviewed data from cataract surgeries performed between 2016 and 2022 at a specialized hospital in Rotterdam. The incidence of postoperative endophthalmitis was compared across different periods and surgical practices, including times when routine antibiotic prophylaxis was standard. The study also analyzed cases where a lower concentration of povidone iodine (1%) was used instead of the more common 5% to 10%.

The study included all cataract surgeries performed from 1993 to 2022 at the Rotterdam Eye Hospital. For the period from 2016 to 2022, prophylactic intracameral antibiotics were used only in complicated surgeries, specifically when a tear occurred in the posterior lens capsule. The incidence of postoperative endophthalmitis was calculated and compared to historical data.

• Current Study Period (2016-2022): 17 cases of postoperative endophthalmitis were recorded out of 56,598 procedures (incidence rate 0.000, 95% CI 0.000-0.000).

• Historical Comparisons: From 1993 to 1999, 36 cases occurred in 27,114 procedures (incidence rate 0.001), and from 2000 to 2010, 62 cases occurred in 68,335 procedures (incidence rate 0.001).

• Pathogen Analysis: Of the 17 cases from 2016 to 2022, cultures yielded coagulase-negative staphylococci (n=8), Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus mitis, and Enterococcus faecalis. Five cases had no growth in cultures.

• Antibiotic Prophylaxis: The application of intracameral antibiotics in only complicated cases did not increase the incidence of endophthalmitis.

The study's findings suggest that routine intracameral antibiotics may not be necessary for preventing endophthalmitis in cataract surgeries. The practice of using 1% povidone iodine for disinfection, instead of the more common higher concentrations, may have contributed to the low infection rates observed. The study also highlights the potential benefits of reducing antibiotic use, including lower costs, fewer side effects, and decreased risk of antibiotic resistance.

Vincent Daien, MD, PhD, and colleagues, in an accompanying commentary, noted the controversy surrounding this issue. They pointed out previous studies that demonstrated a significant reduction in endophthalmitis risk with the routine use of intracameral antibiotics. However, they acknowledged that selective use of antibiotics, as shown in this study, warrants further investigation.

The authors noted several limitations, including the retrospective nature of the study and the specific setting of the Rotterdam Eye Hospital, which may not be fully comparable to general hospitals or academic centers. The findings are based on a specialized environment with potentially different patient demographics and surgical protocols.

This study provides evidence that routine intracameral antibiotics may not be necessary for preventing endophthalmitis after cataract surgery. Selective use of antibiotics in complicated cases, along with effective antiseptic protocols, can maintain low infection rates. These findings may influence future surgical practices and guidelines, emphasizing the importance of tailored prophylactic strategies.

Reference:

van Rooij, J., Nolte, K., van de Vondervoort, F., Lekkerkerk, S., Bourgonje, V., & Wubbels, R. (2024). Prophylactic intracameral antibiotics and endophthalmitis after cataract surgery. JAMA Ophthalmology. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2024.1716

JAMA Ophthalmologycataract surgeryendophthalmitisintracameral antibioticsprophylaxispovidone iodineinfection preventionophthalmology
Source : JAMA Ophthalmology
Dr Riya Dave
Dr Riya Dave

    Dr Riya Dave has completed dentistry from Gujarat University in 2022. She is a dentist and accomplished medical and scientific writer known for her commitment to bridging the gap between clinical expertise and accessible healthcare information. She has been actively involved in writing blogs related to health and wellness.

    Dr. Kamal Kant Kohli
    Dr. Kamal Kant Kohli

    Dr Kamal Kant Kohli-MBBS, DTCD- a chest specialist with more than 30 years of practice and a flair for writing clinical articles, Dr Kamal Kant Kohli joined Medical Dialogues as a Chief Editor of Medical News. Besides writing articles, as an editor, he proofreads and verifies all the medical content published on Medical Dialogues including those coming from journals, studies,medical conferences,guidelines etc. Email: drkohli@medicaldialogues.in. Contact no. 011-43720751

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