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  • Omicron Reinfections...

Omicron Reinfections in Children Linked to Increased Risk of Long COVID: Study

Written By : Dr Riya Dave |Medically Reviewed By : Dr. Kamal Kant Kohli Published On 2025-04-13T20:45:45+05:30  |  Updated On 14 April 2025 11:57 AM IST
Omicron Reinfections in Children Linked to Increased Risk of Long COVID: Study
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Children and teenagers were found by researchers to have an exponentially increased chance of acquiring long-term sequelae following a secondary infection with SARS-CoV-2 within the time period of the Omicron variant, according to a new study.The research identifies the additive risks for reinfection, involving several organ systems and raising the risk for diseases like myocarditis, thrombophlebitis, heart illness, and cognitive impairment. The study was conducted by Bingyu Z. and colleagues published in medRxiv.

This retrospective cohort study used data from the RECOVER consortium, consisting of medical records from 40 children's hospitals and health centers in the U.S. The study duration was January 2022 to October 2023, a period when the Omicron variant was prevalent.

The participants were children and adolescents aged less than 21 years (mean age: 8.17 years, 52% male). For a child to be defined as having a reinfection, they had to have tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 by PCR or antigen tests at least 60 days after a previous infection.

Researchers thereafter contrasted health outcomes after first and second infection.

Two methods were utilized to identify PASC:

• ICD-10-CM diagnosis code U09.9 (clinical diagnosis of long COVID).

• A definition of 24 physician-identified symptoms and conditions related to PASC was used.

Absolute risks were estimated, and relative risks (RRs) were computed using a modified Poisson regression model, which controlled for demographic, clinical, and healthcare utilization factors via exact matching and propensity score matching.

Key Findings: Elevated Risk of PASC Following Reinfection

The research found that SARS-CoV-2 reinfection greatly elevates the risk of PASC. A subsequent infection was compared to the initial infection and was found to be associated with:

•2.08-fold increased risk of a composite diagnosis of PASC (RR: 2.08; 95% CI, 1.68-2.59).

• 3.6-fold increased risk of myocarditis (RR: 3.60; 95% CI, 1.46-8.86).

• 2.83-fold increased risk of taste and smell abnormalities (RR: 2.83; 95% CI, 1.41-5.67).

• 2.28-fold increased risk of thromboembolism and thrombophlebitis (RR: 2.28; 95% CI, 1.71-3.04).

• 1.96-fold increased risk of heart disease (RR: 1.96; 95% CI, 1.69-2.28).

• 1.9-fold increased risk of acute kidney injury (RR: 1.90; 95% CI, 1.38-2.61).

• 1.89-fold increased risk of fluid and electrolyte disorders (RR: 1.89; 95% CI, 1.62-2.20).

• 1.70-fold increased risk of generalized pain (RR: 1.70; 95% CI, 1.48-1.95).

• 1.59-fold increased risk of arrhythmias (RR: 1.59; 95% CI, 1.45-1.74).

• 1.56-fold increased risk of abnormal liver enzymes (RR: 1.56; 95% CI, 1.24-1.96).

• 1.50-fold increased risk of fatigue and malaise (RR: 1.50; 95% CI, 1.38-1.64).

• 1.45-fold increased risk of musculoskeletal pain (RR: 1.45; 95% CI, 1.37-1.54).

• 1.42-fold increased risk of abdominal pain (RR: 1.42; 95% CI, 1.34-1.50).

• 1.35 times increased risk of postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) / dysautonomia (RR: 1.35; 95% CI, 1.20-1.51).

• 1.32 times increased risk of cognitive dysfunction (RR: 1.32; 95% CI, 1.15-1.50).

• 1.29 times increased risk of respiratory symptoms (RR: 1.29; 95% CI, 1.25-1.33).

This large cohort study reaffirms that reinfection with SARS-CoV-2 during the Omicron era considerably raises the risk of long COVID (PASC) in children and adolescents. As long COVID remains a significant public health concern, preventing children from being infected again is a key priority to minimize long-term health outcomes.

Reference:

Zhang, B., Wu, Q., Jhaveri, R., Zhou, T., Becich, M. J., Bisyuk, Y., Blancero, F., Chrischilles, E. A., Chuang, C. H., Cowell, L. G., Fort, D., Horowitz, C. R., Kim, S., Ladino, N., Liebovitz, D. M., Liu, M., Mosa, A. S. M., Schwenk, H. T., Suresh, S., … Chen, Y. (2025). Reinfection with SARS-CoV-2 in the Omicron era is associated with increased risk of Post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection: A RECOVER-EHR cohort study. In medRxiv.https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.03.28.25324858

medRxivSARS-CoV-2 reinfectionlong COVIDpost-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC)Omicron variantmyocarditisarrhythmiathromboembolismpediatric COVID-19public healthvaccination
Source : medRxiv
Dr Riya Dave
Dr Riya Dave

    Dr Riya Dave has completed dentistry from Gujarat University in 2022. She is a dentist and accomplished medical and scientific writer known for her commitment to bridging the gap between clinical expertise and accessible healthcare information. She has been actively involved in writing blogs related to health and wellness.

    Dr. Kamal Kant Kohli
    Dr. Kamal Kant Kohli

    Dr Kamal Kant Kohli-MBBS, DTCD- a chest specialist with more than 30 years of practice and a flair for writing clinical articles, Dr Kamal Kant Kohli joined Medical Dialogues as a Chief Editor of Medical News. Besides writing articles, as an editor, he proofreads and verifies all the medical content published on Medical Dialogues including those coming from journals, studies,medical conferences,guidelines etc. Email: drkohli@medicaldialogues.in. Contact no. 011-43720751

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