Celiac disease patients have high prevalence of dental enamel disease particularly affecting incisors and molars: Study

This systematic review aims to elucidate the intricate correlation between celiac disease (CD) and dental enamel defects (DED), exploring pathophysiological mechanisms, oral health implications, and a dentist’s role in early diagnosis. Materials and methods: Following PRISMA guidelines, a comprehensive search from 1 January 2013 to 1 January 2024 across PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Web of Science identified 153 publications. After exclusions, 18 studies met the inclusion criteria for qualitative analysis. Inclusion criteria involved study types (RCTs, RCCTs, case series), human participants, English language, and full-text available. Results: The search yielded 153 publications, with 18 studies meeting the inclusion criteria for qualitative analysis. Notable findings include a high prevalence of dental enamel defect in celiac disease patients, ranging from 50 to 94.1%. Symmetrical and chronological defects, according to Aine’s classification, were predominant, and significant associations were observed between celiac disease severity and enamel defect extent. The early recognition of oral lesions, particularly through Aine’s classification, may signal potential celiac disease even in the absence of gastrointestinal symptoms. Correlations between celiac disease and dental health conditions like molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) emphasize the dentist’s crucial role in early diagnosis. Collaboration between dentists and gastroenterologists is essential for effective monitoring and management. This review consolidates current knowledge, laying the groundwork for future research and promoting interdisciplinary collaboration for improved celiac disease -related oral health outcomes. Further large-scale prospective research is recommended to deepen the understanding of these issues.

Reference:

Inchingolo AD, Dipalma G, Viapiano F, Netti A, Ferrara I, Ciocia AM, Mancini A, Di Venere D, Palermo A, Inchingolo AM, et al. Celiac Disease-Related Enamel Defects: A Systematic Review. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2024; 13(5):1382. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13051382