Study Examines Whether Artificial Sweeteners Increase Appetite and Overall Food Intake

A recent study published in Nutrients explored whether sweeteners and sweetness enhancers including non-caloric and low-calorie options, influence appetite regulation and energy intake. These sweeteners are widely used as sugar alternatives because they provide sweetness with little to no calories, yet their effects on hunger and metabolism remain debated.

The study was conducted as part of the European SWEET project at the University of Copenhagen. Researchers examined the short-term effects of an acesulfame potassium and cyclamate blend compared to water. The trial included adults with overweight or obesity who were undergoing weight loss and maintenance phases. Participants were monitored across multiple test days, with appetite sensations measured over six hours using standardized scales.

Findings showed that sweeteners and sweetness enhancers had no clinically meaningful impact on hunger, fullness, or overall energy intake. Although participants consuming the sweetener drink reported slightly lower hunger at certain time points, these effects were inconsistent and diminished after adjusting for taste differences. Importantly, participants did not compensate by eating more later, suggesting that these sweeteners do not disrupt short-term energy balance.

Interestingly, the sweetener beverage was rated as less palatable than water, yet this did not lead to increased food consumption. Additionally, sweeteners and sweetness enhancers reduced the desire for sweet foods, indicating a possible role in controlling sugar cravings.

Overall, the study suggests that sweeteners do not significantly alter appetite or promote overeating in controlled settings. However, due to the small sample size, larger and longer-term studies are needed to confirm these findings and better understand their role in weight management and metabolic health.

REFERENCE: H. Andersen, S. S., Kjølbæk, L., G. Halford, J. C., Harrold, J. A., & Raben, A. (2026). Acute and Prolonged Effects of Sweeteners and Sweetness Enhancers on Postprandial Appetite Sensations, Palatability, and Ad Libitum Energy Intake in Humans: A SWEET Sub-Study. Nutrients. 18(6). DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu18060948. https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/18/6/948