How Does Your First Period Timing Affect Future Risk of Obesity, Diabetes, and Heart Problems? Study Sheds Light

A new study presented at ENDO 2025, the Endocrine Society's annual meeting in San Francisco, highlights the link between the age of a woman's first period and her long-term risk of developing conditions such as obesity, diabetes, heart disease, and reproductive issues.

According to the Brazilian research, both early and late onset of menarche the first menstrual period can carry distinct health consequences. Women who experienced menarche before age 10 were found to have an increased risk of obesity, high blood pressure, diabetes, heart problems, and pregnancy-related conditions such as pre-eclampsia. In contrast, those whose periods began after age 15 had a lower risk of obesity but were more likely to suffer from menstrual irregularities and certain cardiovascular conditions.

The study used data from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brazil), one of the largest of its kind in a developing country. It evaluated health data from 7,623 women aged 35 to 74. The researchers categorized the age of menarche into three groups: early (under 10), typical (10-15), and late (over 15). Health outcomes were assessed through detailed interviews, physical measurements, lab tests, and ultrasound imaging.

“We now have evidence from a large Brazilian population that confirms how both early and late puberty can have different long-term health impacts,” said study author Flávia Rezende Tinano of the University of Sao Paulo in Sao Paulo, Brazil. “While early menarche increases the risk for multiple metabolic and heart problems, late menarche may protect against obesity but increase certain heart and menstrual issues. Most women can remember when they had their first period, but they might not realize that it could signal future health risks.”

“Our findings suggest that knowing a woman’s age at her first period can help doctors identify those at higher risk for certain diseases,” Tinano said. “This information could guide more personalized screening and prevention efforts. It also emphasizes the importance of early health education for young girls and women, especially in developing countries.”

The study offers a new perspective on how a simple milestone in adolescence may provide valuable insights into future health planning.

Reference: https://www.endocrine.org/