How Does Your First Period Timing Affect Future Risk of Obesity, Diabetes, and Heart Problems? Study Sheds Light

A new study presented at ENDO 2025, the Endocrine Society's annual meeting in San Francisco, highlights the link between the age of a woman's first period and her long-term risk of developing conditions such as obesity, diabetes, heart disease, and reproductive issues.

According to the Brazilian research, both early and late onset of menarche the first menstrual period can carry distinct health consequences. Women who experienced menarche before age 10 were found to have an increased risk of obesity, high blood pressure, diabetes, heart problems, and pregnancy-related conditions such as pre-eclampsia. In contrast, those whose periods began after age 15 had a lower risk of obesity but were more likely to suffer from menstrual irregularities and certain cardiovascular conditions.

The study used data from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brazil), one of the largest of its kind in a developing country. It evaluated health data from 7,623 women aged 35 to 74. The researchers categorized the age of menarche into three groups: early (under 10), typical (10-15), and late (over 15). Health outcomes were assessed through detailed interviews, physical measurements, lab tests, and ultrasound imaging.