As global cancer rates are projected to reach 35 million new cases and 18.5 million deaths annually by 2050, researchers aimed to better understand whether loneliness plays a measurable role in worsening health outcomes.
To investigate, researchers conducted an extensive review of published studies up to September 2024. Out of 148 identified studies, 16 met the inclusion criteria, involving a total of 1,635,051 cancer patients with an average age of 63. Thirteen of these were included in a meta-analysis. The studies spanned several countries, including Canada, Japan, the USA, and European nations, and covered a wide range of cancer types.
Using recognized tools like the Social Network Index and the UCLA Loneliness Scale, the analysis found that loneliness was associated with a 34% higher risk of death from any cause and an 11% increased risk of death from cancer, even after adjusting for small sample sizes. Additionally, three studies excluded from the pooled analysis still reported consistent links between social isolation and increased mortality.
However, the researchers warned that variations in methodology and the observational nature of the data mean the results should be interpreted with caution.
Still, they highlighted potential mechanisms behind the findings: “Biologically, the stress response triggered by loneliness may lead to immune dysregulation and heightened inflammatory activity,” which can fuel disease progression. Meanwhile, psychosocial barriers including stigma, isolation from treatment effects, and disrupted social identity can compound the emotional and physical toll of cancer.
If confirmed in future studies, the findings suggest a critical need to include targeted psychosocial interventions in cancer care to support not only emotional well-being but also survival.
Reference: Cheng S, Yi J, Pace K, Santiago A, Johnny C, Nunez J, et al. Impact of loneliness on cancer mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Oncology. 2025;4:e000840. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjonc-2025-000840
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