Protein that may help protect against osteoporosis identified

New research published in The FASEB Journal indicates that increasing the expression of a particular gene may help to prevent bone loss associated with postmenopausal osteoporosis. Postmenopausal osteoporosis is a medical condition characterized by a decrease in bone density and strength that occurs after menopause.

For the study, investigators examined which genes are involved in turning precursor cells called bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) into cells that play a crucial role in bone formation. The screen identified a gene that encodes high mobility group AT-hook 1 (Hmga1), a protein that controls the expression of a variety of other genes.

In experiments conducted in rats, expression of Hmga1 increased during bone formation but decreased when rats’ ovaries were removed (mimicking menopause). Treating ovariectomized rats with extra Hmga1 partially reversed bone loss in the animals.

“Our study demonstrated that Hmga1 prevents bone loss by promoting the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs in osteoporosis rats, suggesting that Hmga1 could be an important therapeutic target for osteoporosis,” said corresponding author Yihe Hu.

Reference: Hmga1-overexpressing lentivirus 1 protects against osteoporosis by activating the Wnt/β-catenin 2 pathway in the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs, The FASEB Journal; DOI 10.1096/fj.202300488R