JAMA study finds link between olive oil and dementia-related mortality

Olive oil, particularly extra virgin olive oil, is renowned for its health benefits, including its positive impact on brain health. Rich in monounsaturated fats like oleic acid and antioxidants such as polyphenols, olive oil helps protect brain cells from oxidative stress and inflammation, key factors in cognitive decline and neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's.

Regular consumption of olive oil, as part of a Mediterranean diet rich in fruits, vegetables, fish, and nuts, has been associated with improved memory, cognitive function, and overall brain health. Its anti-inflammatory properties further contribute to maintaining brain health, making it a valuable component of a brain-boosting diet.

“A study published in 2022 used cohort data to show that higher olive oil intake was associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular disease, cancer, neurodegenerative disease, and respiratory disease mortality. Other studies like this meta-analysis, also published in 2022, show a lower risk of diabetes, [cardiovascular disease], and all-cause mortality from higher olive oil intake,” said Anne Danahy, a registered dietitian nutritionist.

In the study of 92,383 participants, mostly women with an average age of 56, researchers conducted a 28-year follow-up. At the study's outset, average olive oil consumption was 1.3 grams/day. Those consuming over 7 grams/day: Had higher calorie intake, but not higher BMI; Followed a better diet; consumed more alcohol; were more physically active and were less likely to smoke

The result concluded that consuming 7 grams of olive oil daily was linked to a 28% lower risk of dementia-related death. Substituting 5 grams/day of margarine and mayonnaise with olive oil showed an 8% to 14% lower risk. They also concluded that higher olive oil intake was associated with reduced dementia-related mortality, regardless of diet quality, expanding dietary recommendations for cognitive health.

“This is an observational study, so it doesn’t show a direct cause and effect. Olive oil is rich in vitamin E and polyphenols — antioxidants that protect cells and blood vessels, including those in the brain. It also has anti-inflammatory properties. Inflammation can accelerate aging in the brain (and body) and it’s thought to be an underlying cause of dementia and cognitive decline,” concluded Danahy.

Reference: Tessier A, Cortese M, Yuan C, et al. Consumption of Olive Oil and Diet Quality and Risk of Dementia-Related Death. JAMA Netw Open. 2024;7(5):e2410021. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.10021