Artificial sweeteners linked to increased risk of Depression

A recent study conducted among middle-aged women has found that the consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPF) is associated with a higher risk of depression. UPF, which includes energy-dense, ready-to-eat items, has long been associated with various health issues, but its link to depression has been relatively unexplored.

The cohort study, conducted between 2003 and 2017, involved middle-aged females who were initially free of depression. The study, which adhered to STROBE reporting guidelines, analyzed data from 31,712 participants. It revealed that those with high UPF intake had greater BMI, higher smoking rates, and an increased prevalence of comorbidities like diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. They were also less likely to exercise regularly.

The researchers identified 2,122 incident cases of depression using a strict definition and 4,840 cases using a broader definition. Compared to those with the lowest quintile of UPF consumption, those in the highest quintile had an increased risk of depression.

Even after adjusting for known and suspected risk factors for depression, including age, total caloric intake, BMI, physical activity, smoking status, and comorbidities, the association between high UPF consumption and depression remained significant. When examining specific UPF components, the study found that only artificially sweetened beverages and artificial sweeteners were associated with a greater risk of depression.

Reference: Samuthpongtorn C, Nguyen LH, Okereke OI, et al. Consumption of Ultraprocessed Food and Risk of Depression. JAMA Netw Open. 2023;6(9):e2334770. DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.34770