Low Vitamin D levels associated with low COVID-19 vaccine antibody titers among adults

Results

Median 25(OH)D levels were 25.6 ng/mL, and vitamin D deficiency (25(OH)D <20 ng/mL) was observed in 29 subjects (24.8%). In those with vitamin D deficiency, we found a non-significant trend towards lower antibody-titers at T3, and significantly lower titers at T4 as compared to those not vitamin D-deficient, also observing a more pronounced antibody-titers negative drop from peak-T2 and T4 in those with vitamin D deficiency. A positive correlation between 25(OH)D levels and antibody-titers at T4 (p = 0.043) was found. In multiple linear-regression analysis, 25(OH)D deficiency and older-age resulted as negative independent factors associated with antibody titer at T4 (p = 0.026, p = 0.004; respectively).

In our relatively young cohort presenting low prevalence of hypovitaminosis D, the long-term humoral response to anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccination was negatively influenced by low baseline 25(OH)D. Vitamin D supplementation could be tested as a strategy to optimize the vaccination campaigns to prevent severe COVID-19.

Reference:

di Filippo, L., Frara, S., Terenzi, U. et al. Lack of vitamin D predicts impaired long-term immune response to COVID-19 vaccination. Endocrine (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12020-023-03481-w

Keywords:

Low, Vitamin D, levels, associated, low, COVID-19, vaccine, antibody, titers, among, adults, Endocrine, di Filippo, L., Frara, S., Terenzi, U.