Older patients with CKD who started allopurinol at higher risk of severe cutaneous reaction

Allopurinol should be started at lower doses in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) to avoid adverse effects. They examined the risk of severe cutaneous reactions in older adults with CKD who were newly prescribed allopurinol at varying doses.

Population-based cohort study using linked health care databases was conducted. Patients in Ontario, Canada (2008-2019) aged ≥66 years, with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of <60 mL/min/1.73 m2, and who were new users of allopurinol. A new prescription for allopurinol >100 mg/d versus a dose ≤100 mg/d. The primary outcome was a hospital visit with a severe cutaneous reaction within 180 days of starting allopurinol. Secondary outcomes included all-cause hospitalisation and all-cause mortality.

Results

• Of 47,315 patients, 55% started allopurinol at >100 mg/d.

• Starting allopurinol at >100 versus ≤100 mg/d was associated with an increased risk of a severe cutaneous reaction: number of events (weighted), 103 of 25,802 (0.40%) versus 46 of 25,816 (0.18%), respectively (weighted RR, 2.25; weighted RD, 0.22%

• Starting allopurinol at >100 versus ≤100 mg/d was associated with an increased risk of all-cause hospitalization but not with all-cause mortality.

This study was underpowered to detect risk differences in the association of allopurinol dose with outcomes across eGFR categories (ie, 45-59, 30-44, and <30 mL/min/1.73 m2).

Older patients with CKD who started allopurinol at >100 mg/d versus ≤100 mg/d were twice as likely to visit a hospital with a severe cutaneous reaction in the next 180

Reference:

Bathini L et al. Initiation dose of allopurinol and the risk of severe cutaneous reactions in older adults with CKD: A population-based cohort study. Am J Kidney Dis 2022 Dec; 80:730. (https://doi.org/10.1053/J.AJKD.2022.04.006. OPENS IN NEW TAB)