The study analyzed a total of 97,474 gout-free adults who wore wrist-based accelerometers for 7 days to track physical activity. The participants were grouped into 3 categories: Inactive (fewer than 150 minutes per week of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity [MVPA]); Weekend Warrior (WW) (at least 150 minutes of MVPA, with more than half compressed into one or two days); and Regularly Active (RA) (at least 150 minutes of MVPA spread more evenly across the week).
Over a median follow-up of 8 years, 905 participants developed gout. When compared to inactive individuals (36,785 people), the individuals in the RA group (20,298 people) showed a 25% lower risk of gout, while those in the WW group (40,391 people) had a 16% lower risk. Specifically, hazard ratios (HRs) were 0.75 for RA and 0.84 for WW, indicating a statistically significant protective effect for both.
However, when this research adjusted for total MVPA volume, the difference between RA and WW groups disappeared. This suggests that the amount of exercise matters more than whether it is spread throughout the week or concentrated on weekends. Further analyses using different definitions of weekend warrior activity, excluding early gout cases, and adjusting for genetic predisposition all confirmed the robustness of the findings.
When this research considered the genetic risk of participants for gout using polygenic risk scores, the benefits of physical activity remained consistent across all genetic profiles. In other words, both regular exercisers and weekend warriors enjoyed protective effects regardless of whether they had a high or low inherited risk for the disease.
The study emphasized that even those with busy lifestyles who can only fit exercise into weekends may still gain substantial health benefits. Gout, a form of inflammatory arthritis characterized by sudden and painful joint swelling, has been rising globally due to lifestyle changes and increasing obesity rates. Preventive strategies are therefore a public health priority.
Overall, both consistent weekly exercise and concentrated weekend workouts can meaningfully reduce gout risk, provided that individuals meet the recommended threshold of at least 150 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous activity per week.
Source:
Wang, Q., Liu, Y., & Zhu, B. (2025). Accelerometer-derived physical activity volume, not pattern, correlates with reduced gout incidence in a UK prospective cohort. In medRxiv. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.08.24.25334337
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