Mometasone improves chronic rhinosinusitis in pediatric population: JAMA

A recent study by Marta Latek and team found intranasal corticosteroids (INCs) (mometasone) to be clinically effective in the treatment of pediatric chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and additionally aid in correcting sinonasal dysbiosis. The findings were published in Journal of American Medical Association.

Adenoid hypertrophy is a condition where the adenoid tissue, located at the back of the nose, becomes enlarged and can cause difficulty breathing through the nose. The study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of INCs in treating CRS in children. The study was an open-label randomized clinical trial and was conducted in a pediatric allergy outpatient clinic. Children aged 4 to 8 years with CRS were included, and they were randomized to receive either intranasal mometasone or a control treatment for 12 weeks.

The study found that the group treated with INCs had a significant improvement in quality of life compared to the control group. The INC group also had a greater increase in nasopharyngeal microbiome richness and a larger decrease in nasal innate lymphoid cells (ILC3) abundance. The results suggest that treatment with an INC improved the quality of life of children with CRS and had a significant effect on increasing sinonasal biodiversity.

The study reinforces the recommendation of using INCs as a first-line treatment for CRS in children, despite the lack of evidence regarding their efficacy in the pediatric population. However, the study acknowledges the need for further investigation into the long-term efficacy and safety of INCs. Overall, the study provides valuable insights into the clinical, immunological, and microbiological effects of INCs in young children with CRS.

Reference:

Latek, M., Łacwik, P., Molińska, K., Błauż, A., Lach, J., Rychlik, B., Strapagiel, D., Majak, J., Molińska, J., Czech, D., Seweryn, M., Kuna, P., Pałczyński, C., & Majak, P. (2023). Effect of an Intranasal Corticosteroid on Quality of Life and Local Microbiome in Young Children With Chronic Rhinosinusitis. In JAMA Pediatrics. American Medical Association (AMA). https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2022.6172