Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery Shows Promising Impact on Apo B100 Levels in High BMI Individuals: Multi-Centric Study

The study, published in Obesity Surgery, found that bariatric surgery significantly reduced Apo-B100 levels and improved lipid profiles and liver enzymes, indicating a positive impact on dyslipidemia and cardiovascular risk in individuals with high body mass index.

Apo B100, a protein found in low-density lipoproteins (LDL), plays a crucial role in cholesterol metabolism and is widely recognized as a key biomarker for cardiovascular risk assessment. High levels of Apo B100 are often associated with an increased risk of atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease, particularly in individuals with elevated BMI.

MBS leads to significant weight loss and improvements in obesity-related comorbidities. However, there is no clarity on the impact of MBS on Apolipoprotein B100 (Apo-B100) regulation. Apo-B100 is essential for the assembly and secretion of serum lipoprotein particles. Increased levels of these factors can accelerate atherosclerotic plaque development in blood vessels. Considering this, Foolad Eghbali, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, and colleagues aimed to evaluate changes in Apo-B100 levels following metabolic and bariatric surgery.

For this purpose, 121 participants from the Iranian National Obesity and Metabolic Surgery Database (INOSD) underwent One-Anastomosis Gastric Bypass (OAGB) (n = 70), Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy (LSG) (n = 43), or Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB) (n = 8). Serum Apo-B100, liver enzymes, lipid profiles, and fasting glucose were measured preoperatively and six months postoperatively.

The study led to the following findings:

· Apo-B100 levels significantly decreased from 94.63 ± 14.35 mg/dL preoperatively to 62.97 ± 19.97 mg/dL after six months, alongside reductions in total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, VLDL, AST, and ALT.

· Greater Apo-B100 reductions occurred in non-diabetics versus people with diabetes and correlated strongly with baseline Apo-B100 (r = 0.455) and LDL levels (r = 0.413).

· Surgery type did not impact Apo-B100 changes in multivariate analysis.

“The findings showed that in patients with high BMI undergoing metabolic & bariatric surgery procedures, there was a significant reduction in Apolipoprotein B100 (Apo-B100) levels six months post-surgery (from 94.63 ± 14.35 mg/dL to 62.97 ± 19.97 mg/dL),” the researchers wrote.

This reduction correlated with liver enzyme and lipid profile improvements, specifically in non-diabetics. The researchers note that the type of surgery did not majorly impact Apo-B100 changes.

Reference:

Jaliliyan, A., Madankan, A., Mosavari, H. et al. The Impact of Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery on Apo B100 Levels in Individuals with high BMI: A Multi-Centric Prospective Cohort Study. OBES SURG (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11695-024-07258-6