High-resolution transrectal micro-ultrasound may detect index prostate cancer lesions: Study

Canada: High-resolution transrectal micro-ultrasound (MicroUS) is highly sensitive in detecting index lesions in the prostate gland and very accurate in identifying index lesions in the peripheral zone, states an article published in the Urology.

Prostate cancer is the second most commonly diagnosed cancer and one of the leading causes of cancer death among men worldwide. It occurs in the prostate, which is a small walnut-shaped gland in males. It is treatable if diagnosed early. The index lesion is the largest prostatic tumor with the highest histologic grade; it is the most clinically significant tumor. Cancer volume has been proposed as an important determinant of biochemical failure and PCa progression. Standard transrectal ultrasound (8–12 MHz) used in prostate biopsy lacks the resolution to effectively identify many index prostate cancer lesions.

Callejas MF, University of Toronto, Canada, and his research team conducted a study to determine the detection of clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) index lesion using high-resolution transrectal micro-ultrasound (MicroUS) applying PRI-MUS (Prostate Risk Identification using Micro Ultrasound) score v1.0.

Researchers included 25 participants who underwent radical prostatectomy following biopsy and MicroUS assessment. The median age was 65.5 years (range 56 - 74). Median Prostate-specific antigen ( PSA) was 6.45 ng/dL (range 2 - 31.72). an experienced radiologist retrospectively reviewed the MicroUS dynamic cine loops of these patients. Suspicious sites were assigned a PRI-MUS score. Radical prostatectomy specimens were examined with the quarter mount technique. The detection rate of csPCa index lesion [Grade Group (GG) ≥2] by MicroUS was assessed at a patient level.