Stress urinary incontinence is a serious social problem that affects women's quality of life and restricts their daily life, particularly for obese women. The mechanism of stress urinary incontinence is not precise. In obese women, weight loss is the first line of stress incontinence treatment. The ketogenic diet is a special diet with low carbohydrates, moderate protein, and high fat that can lead to a faster reduction of body mass compared to the traditional diet. The therapeutic effect of a ketogenic diet on SUI in women with obesity is not nonexistent.
Wenpei Bai, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China, and colleagues described the case of five postmenopausal obese women diagnosed with mild to moderate stress urinary incontinence, which impacted their quality of life for medical treatment. They were given a ketogenic diet for four weeks. After four weeks of the diet, they found that the ketogenic diet can remarkably reduce body weight, improve urine leakage, reduce body fat percentage, decrease visceral fat area, and reduce body mass index (BMI).
"Findings from these cases indicate that a ketogenic diet can fastly reduce intra-abdominal obesity and body weight, thereby reducing intra-abdominal pressure and the motivation for SUI occurrence," the researchers wrote in their study.
"This is the first study on the therapeutic effect of a ketogenic diet on stress urinary incontinence in obese women. We found that the ketogenic diet can significantly reduce body weight, improve urine leakage, improve the proportion of body skeletal muscle, reduce BMI, and decrease visceral fat area."
They noted that the mechanism might be due to a decrease in abdominal pressure and restoration of the urthera's location. However, further research is needed to confirm its mechanism.
The study is observational, comprising 5 case reports, with a small number of cases, so there are some limitations. Through prospective randomized controlled studies, the researchers hope to verify the effectiveness of the ketogenic diet or treating stress urinary incontinence in the future.
"Our study revealed that in the future ketogenic diet may become one of the effective methods for treating stress urinary incontinence in obese women, providing a highly profitable, minimally invasive, and highly compliant treatment for SUI in obese women," the researchers wrote in their conclusion.
Reference:
Sun, Y., Chen, H., Bai, Y. et al. Ketogenic diet may be a new approach to treatment stress urinary incontinence in obese elderly women: report of five cases. BMC Women's Health 22, 402 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-022-01987-5
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