Patients with moderate to severe sleep apnea at increased risk of CKD progression

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global health concern and a major risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) may exacerbate this risk by contributing to the development of CKD. This study investigated the prevalence and patient awareness of the risk of CKD progression in individuals with OSA.

Adults referred to five Canadian academic sleep centres for suspected OSA completed a questionnaire, a home sleep apnea test or in-lab polysomnography and provided blood and urine samples for measurement of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and the albumin:creatinine ratio (ACR), respectively. The risk of CKD progression was estimated from a heat map incorporating both eGFR and ACR.

Results:

1295 adults (42% female, 54 ± 13 years) were categorized based on the oxygen desaturation index (4% desaturation): <15 (no/mild OSA, n = 552), 15−30 (moderate OSA, n = 322), and >30 (severe OSA, n = 421). After stratification, 13.6% of the no/mild OSA group, 28.9% of the moderate OSA group, and 30.9% of the severe OSA group had a moderate-to-very high risk of CKD progression (p < .001), which was defined as an eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2, an ACR ≥3 mg/mmol, or both. Compared to those with no/mild OSA, the odds ratio for moderate-to-very high risk of CKD progression was 2.63 (95% CI: 1.79−3.85) for moderate OSA and 2.96 (2.04–4.30) for severe OSA after adjustment for CKD risk factors. Among patients at increased risk of CKD progression, 73% were unaware they had abnormal kidney function.

Thus, patients with moderate and severe OSA have an increased risk of CKD progression independent of other CKD risk factors; most patients are unaware of this increased risk.

Reference:

Risk of chronic kidney disease in patients with obstructive sleep apnea by Andrew E Beaudin et al. published in the Sleep.

https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsab267

Keywords:

Sleep, chronic kidney disease and obstructive sleep apnea, Risk of chronic kidney disease in patients with obstructive sleep apnea, CKD and osa, risk of chronic kidney disease progression, Andrew E Beaudin, Jill K Raneri, Sofia B Ahmed, A J Marcus Hirsch Allen, Andrhea Nocon, Teresa Gomes, Simon Gakwaya, Fréderic Series, John Kimoff, Robert P Skomro, Najib T Ayas, Patrick J Hanly,