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Tooth loss associated with cognitive impairment and dementia: Study
Tooth loss is independently associated with cognitive impairment and dementia, suggests a study published in JAMDA.
A study was conducted by a group of researchers from U.S.A to quantify the dose-response associations between tooth loss and risk of cognitive impairment and dementia.
Longitudinal studies that examined the association between tooth loss and cognitive function were systematically searched on 6 databases through March 1, 2020. The study adhered to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) reporting guidelines. Risk estimates were pooled using random-effects models. The dose-response associations were assessed using generalized least squares spline models.
Cognitive impairment and dementia were defined by neuropsychological tests, diagnostic criteria, or medical records. Tooth loss was self-reported or assessed by clinical examinations.
The results of the study are as follows:
· Fourteen studies were entered into the meta-analysis, including 34,074 participants and 4689 cases with diminished cognitive function.
· Participants with more tooth loss had 1.48 times higher risk of developing cognitive impairment and 1.28 times higher risk of being diagnosed with dementia; however, the association was nonsignificant for participants using dentures.
· Eight studies were included in the dose-response analysis, and data supported the use of linear models.
· Each additional tooth loss was associated with a 0.014 increased relative risk of cognitive impairment and 0.011 elevated relative risks of dementia.
· Edentulous participants faced 1.54 times higher risk of cognitive impairment and 1.40 times higher risk of being diagnosed with dementia.
Thus, the researchers concluded that moderate-quality evidence suggested tooth loss was independently associated with cognitive impairment and dementia; risk of diminished cognitive function increased with incremental numbers of teeth lost. Furthermore, timely prosthodontic treatment with dentures may reduce the progression of cognitive decline related to tooth loss.
Reference:
Dose-Response Meta-Analysis on Tooth Loss With the Risk of Cognitive Impairment and Dementia by Qi X et. al published in the JAMDA.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jamda.2021.05.009
Dr. Shravani Dali has completed her BDS from Pravara institute of medical sciences, loni. Following which she extensively worked in the healthcare sector for 2+ years. She has been actively involved in writing blogs in field of health and wellness. Currently she is pursuing her Masters of public health-health administration from Tata institute of social sciences. She can be contacted at editorial@medicaldialogues.in.
Dr Kamal Kant Kohli-MBBS, DTCD- a chest specialist with more than 30 years of practice and a flair for writing clinical articles, Dr Kamal Kant Kohli joined Medical Dialogues as a Chief Editor of Medical News. Besides writing articles, as an editor, he proofreads and verifies all the medical content published on Medical Dialogues including those coming from journals, studies,medical conferences,guidelines etc. Email: drkohli@medicaldialogues.in. Contact no. 011-43720751