Tomato juice consumption can help eliminate typhoidal Salmonella and improve digestive health: Study

USA: A new study published in Microbiology Spectrum has shed light on the antimicrobial properties of tomato juice and peptides against typhoidal Salmonella.

The research revealed that tomato juice demonstrates significant antimicrobial properties against Salmonella Typhi, a deadly human-specific pathogen that specifically affects humans and is responsible for causing typhoid fever.

"Tomato juice can kill Salmonella Typhi and other bacteria that can harm people's digestive and urinary tract health," the researchers reported.

“Our main goal in this study was to find out if tomato and tomato juice can kill enteric pathogens, including Salmonella Typhi, and if so, what qualities they have that make them work,” said principal study investigator Jeongmin Song, Ph.D., Associate Professor, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Cornell University.

First, the researchers, in laboratory experiments, checked to see if tomato juice really does kill Salmonella Typhi. Once they ascertained it did, the team looked at the tomato's genome to find the antimicrobial peptides that were involved. Antimicrobial peptides are very small proteins that impair the bacterial membrane that keep them as intact organisms. The researchers chose 4 possible antimicrobial peptides and tested how well they worked against Salmonella Typhi. This helped them find 2 antimicrobial peptides effective against Salmonella Typhi.

The research team conducted more tests on Salmonella Typhi variants that appear in places where the disease is common. They also did a computer study to learn more about how the antibacterial peptides kill Salmonella Typhi and other enteric pathogens. Lastly, they looked at how well tomato juice worked against other enteric pathogens that can hurt people's digestive and urinary tract health.

The most significant discovery is that tomato juice is effective in eliminating Salmonella Typhi, its hypervirulent variants, and other bacteria that can harm people's digestive and urinary tract health. In particular, 2 antimicrobial peptides can eliminate these pathogens by impairing the bacterial membrane, a protective layer that surrounds the pathogen.

“Our research shows that tomato and tomato juice can get rid of enteric bacteria like Salmonella,” Song said. The researchers said they hope that when the general public, particularly children and teenagers, learns about the study outcome, they will want to eat and drink more tomatoes as well as other fruits and vegetables because they provide natural antibacterial benefits to consumers.

Reference:

Ryan S. Kwon, Gi Young Lee, Sohyoung Lee, Jeongmin Song. Antimicrobial properties of tomato juice and peptides against typhoidal Salmonella. Microbiology Spectrum, 2024; DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03102-23.