GTB Hospital studying impact of air pollution on foetus

Written by Medical Dialogues Bureau Published On 2018-11-28T09:40:21+05:30 | Updated On 28 Nov 2018 9:40 AM IST

GTB Hospital studying impact of air pollution on foetus

New Delhi: While the adverse impact of air pollution on respiratory illness in widely researched, recent researches point out that it may not just lead to respiratory problems, but could also be a leading cause of premature delivery and low birth rate. To determine the causal relationship between the two, Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital(GTB Hospital), Delhi, is conducting a research to study the impact of befouled air on foetus.

"It has been seen that exposure of pregnant women to the high level of air pollution sometimes leads to premature delivery or affects the birth rate as well. It is not yet substantiated, however, that pollution will cause any type of congenital malformation. The result of the study will help us get a clearer picture," Kiran Guleria, a gynaecologist at the GTB Hospital, told IANS.

She is a part of the research and working at the Department of Biochemistry in the city-based University College of Medical Sciences.

The research is a part of the study titled "DAPHNE" (Delhi Air Pollution Health And Effects), where the All-India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) is also doing a project related to the effect of pollution on children with respiratory problems.

DAPHNE is a consortium of doctors, scientists and technologists drawn from 9 institutions (six in India and three in the UK), to study the effect of air pollution in the city of Delhi on the health of pregnant mothers and their new-born children, and asthmatic adolescents.

This group is particularly vulnerable because of their greater intake of air with respect to the body weight, and an underdeveloped immunity system; and, also, the adolescents have greater outdoor exposure when travelling to school and during play times. In addition to estimating the amount of suspended particles and gaseous pollution inhaled by subjects using existing networks of stationary air quality monitors and satellite data, the project introduces novel devices worn on the person to measure exposure to suspended particles and noxious gases, and monitor their breathing rate and breathing effort when the subjects are out and about in their everyday lives.

This will estimate the impact of air pollution on their asthma and how different levels of activity could contribute to changes in their condition. Biomarkers in samples of blood and urine taken from the subjects will be used as further evidence to estimate the effects of air pollution on changes in their well-being.

Finally, a panel of stakeholders drawn from India and the UK will advise on how best the research results can be translated into interventions to help mitigate the effects for the benefit of the citizens of Delhi in the first instance, with potential for world-wide application in the future.

"On pregnant women, we are trying to see how pollution might affect the unborn child. We are also trying to figure out the birth rate issue from this study owing to poor air quality," Dr Karan Madan, Associate Professor, Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Sleep Disorders, AIIMS, who is part of this research programme, told IANS.

Guleria said that the research primarily focuses on monitoring the foetus and the unborn child, which will involve observing the baby in the womb and mapping its growth.

"The study will help us understand and see the effect of pollution on the unborn child in terms of growth, respiratory problems like asthma or other allergies. After birth, the child will also be observed for two years," the health expert noted.

For the study, a belt has been developed that will be worn by women for 48 hours during each trimester of pregnancy. There will be a continuous mapping of the women involved in the project for 9 months.

"It will give a clear picture on the impact of pollution during different seasons as well. Simultaneously, we will collect blood and urine samples to understand it better. After the child is born, we will even examine the cord blood to see how much transition of air pollution has happened from the mother to child," Guleria added.

GTB Hospital has already started recruiting patients for the project. women aged between 20 and 35 with no other pregnancy complications have been approached by the research team.

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