Administration of annual flu shot may lower risk of ischemic stroke

Studies in the past have revealed that influenza infection may increase risk of developing stroke.

Researchers at University of Alcalá in Madrid, Spain have found in a new study that administration of annual flu shot may lower risk of ischemic stroke.

The study was published in the online issue of Neurology®.

Study author Francisco J. de Abajo, MD, MPH, PhD, said "This observational study suggests that those who have a flu shot have a lower risk of stroke. To determine whether this is due to a protective effect of the vaccine itself or to other factors, more research is needed."

The study looked at ischemic stroke, which is caused by a blockage of blood flow to the brain and is the most common type of stroke.

For the study, researchers looked at a health care database in Spain and identified people who were at least 40 years old and had a first stroke over a 14-year period. Each person who had a stroke was compared to five people of the same age and sex. There were 14,322 people who had a stroke and 71,610 people who did not have a stroke.

Then the researchers looked at whether people had received the influenza vaccine at least 14 days before the stroke or before that same date for those who did not have a stroke.

A total of 41.4% of those who had a stroke had received the flu shot, compared to 40.5% of those who did not have a stroke. But the people who got the shot were more likely to be older and to have other conditions such as high blood pressure and high cholesterol that would make them more likely to have a stroke.

Once researchers adjusted for those factors, they found that those who received a flu shot were 12% less likely to have a stroke than those who did not. The researchers also looked at whether the pneumonia vaccine had any effect on the risk of stroke and found no protective effect.

"These results are yet another reason for people to get their yearly flu shot, especially if they are at an increased risk of stroke," de Abajo said. "To be able to reduce your risk of stroke by taking such a simple action is very compelling."

Since the study was observational, it does not prove that getting the flu shot reduces the risk of stroke. It only shows an association. There could be other factors that were not measured that could affect the risk of stroke.

Reference:

Kyu Rae Lee, Jeong Hun Bae, In Cheol Hwang, Kyoung Kon Kim, Heuy Sun Suh, Ki Dong Ko, PMID: 28628919 DOI: 10.1159/000478017