Age-Associated Hearing Loss and Peripheral Neuropathy Linked to Higher Mortality in Elderly: Study

A recent study published in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society revealed that age-associated hearing loss (AAHL) and peripheral neuropathy (PN) significantly contribute to balance impairment, increased risk of falls, and ultimately, earlier mortality in older adults. This research was a part of the Oklahoma Longitudinal Assessment of the Health Outcomes of Mature Adults (OKLAHOMA) Studies and highlighted the importance of recognizing and addressing these conditions in primary care settings to improve the health and longevity of the elderly population.

The study analyzed data from a total 793 primary care patients by focusing on the prevalence and severity of AAHL, and its association with PN, balance, gait, and mortality. The results found that 63% of participants had some form of AAHL, with a marked 20% expressing low-frequency hearing loss and 4% having unilateral deficits. Additionally, 32% of the participants were diagnosed with PN.

One of the significant outcomes of this study was the clear connection between AAHL, PN, and impaired balance. The participants with moderate to severe AAHL and the individuals with PN showed markedly reduced balance and increased gait time that leads to a higher risk of falls. These factors collectively contributed to a decrease in survival time.

In terms of mortality, the outcomes suggest that both AAHL and PN independently increased the risk of premature death. The participants with moderate or severe AAHL had a 36% higher risk of earlier mortality, while the participants with PN had a 32% higher risk when compared to the participants without these conditions. When both conditions were present, the risk of earlier mortality increased even further by indicating an additive effect.

The structural equation modeling (SEM) suggested that the impact of AAHL and PN on mortality is mediated partly through impaired balance. The mechanisms underlying these associations are likely complex and multifaceted by involving factors such as sensory deficits, reduced mobility, and an increased likelihood of falls.

These findings bring out the critical need for healthcare providers to screen for and address hearing loss and peripheral neuropathy in older adults. Early identification and intervention could reduce the risk of falls and other complications by potentially improving balance, mobility, and overall survival. Overall, the study highlights the significant role that AAHL and PN play in the health outcomes of older adults. As these conditions are common in the aging population, their early detection and management are crucial for enhancing quality of life and extending longevity.

Source:

Mold, J. W., Lawler, F. H., Liao, X., & Bard, D. E. (2024). Associations between hearing loss, peripheral neuropathy, balance, and survival in older primary care patients. In Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.19142