AstraZeneca Calquence based regimens approved in EU for previously untreated chronic lymphocytic leukaemia
A fixed-duration regimen of AstraZeneca's Calquence (acalabrutinib) in combination with venetoclax, with or without obinutuzumab, has received approval in the European Union (EU) for the treatment of adult patients with previously untreated chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL).
Calquence (acalabrutinib) is a second-generation, selective inhibitor of Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK). Calquence binds covalently to BTK, thereby inhibiting its activity. In B-cells, BTK signalling results in activation of pathways necessary for B-cell proliferation, trafficking, chemotaxis and adhesion.
The approval by the European Commission follows the positive opinion of the Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use and was based on positive results from the pivotal AMPLIFY Phase III trial, presented at the American Society of Hematology 2024 Annual Meeting and published in The New England Journal of Medicine.
Results from the AMPLIFY trial showed 77% of patients treated with Calquence plus venetoclax and 83% of patients treated with Calquence plus venetoclax and obinutuzumab were progression free at three years, versus 67% of patients treated with standard-of-care chemoimmunotherapy (investigator’s choice of fludarabine-cyclophosphamide-rituximab or bendamustine-rituximab). Median progression-free survival (PFS) was not reached for either experimental arm versus 47.6 months for chemoimmunotherapy.1 Calquence plus venetoclax reduced the risk of disease progression or death by 35% compared to chemoimmunotherapy (hazard ratio [HR] 0.65; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.49-0.87; p=0.0038). Calquence plus venetoclax with obinutuzumab demonstrated a 58% reduction in the risk of disease progression or death compared to chemoimmunotherapy (HR 0.42; 95% CI 0.30-0.59; p<0.0001).
CLL is the most common type of leukaemia in adults. An estimated 27,000 people were diagnosed with CLL in the UK, France, Germany, Spain and Italy in 2024.
Barbara Eichhorst, MD, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany and investigator for the AMPLIFY trial, said: “For patients diagnosed with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, this approval provides a new option in the first-line setting that may help to minimize long-term side effects and reduce drug resistance as they may occur with continuous treatment. A fixed-duration regimen is appealing to patients and helps with adherence during the treatment period.”
Dave Fredrickson, Executive Vice President, Oncology Haematology Business Unit, AstraZeneca, said: “Today’s approval brings a new fixed-duration treatment option to patients with previously untreated chronic lymphocytic leukaemia across Europe. Calquence plus venetoclax is the first and only all-oral combination treatment option with a second-generation BTK inhibitor approved in the EU and provides patients and their physicians more flexibility in managing this incurable blood cancer."
The safety and tolerability of Calquence was consistent with its known safety profile, and no new safety signals were identified.
Regulatory applications for these regimens are currently under review in several countries based on the AMPLIFY results.
CLL is the most prevalent type of leukaemia in adults, with an estimated 40,000 people being treated for CLL in the first line in the US, UK, France, Germany, Spain, Italy, Japan and China in 2024. Although some people with CLL may not experience any symptoms at diagnosis, others may experience symptoms, such as weakness, fatigue, weight loss, chills, fever, night sweats, swollen lymph nodes and abdominal pain. In CLL, there is an accumulation of abnormal lymphocytes within the blood, bone marrow and lymph nodes. As the number of abnormal cells increases, there is less room within the marrow for the production of normal white blood cells, red blood cells and platelets. This could result in infection, anaemia and bleeding. B-cell receptor signalling through BTK is one of the essential growth pathways for CLL.
Calquence is approved for the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) and small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL) in the US, Japan and China, and approved for CLL in the EU and many other countries. Calquence is also approved in combination with venetoclax, with or without obinutuzumab, as a fixed-duration treatment for CLL in the EU. Calquence is also approved for the treatment of adult patients with previously untreated mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) in the US, Europe and other countries. It is also approved for the treatment of adult patients with MCL who have received at least one prior therapy in China and several other countries. Calquence is not currently approved for the treatment of MCL in Japan.
As part of an extensive clinical development programme, Calquence is currently being evaluated as a single treatment and in combination with standard-of-care chemoimmunotherapy for patients with multiple B-cell blood cancers, including CLL, MCL and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.
