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COVID-19 vaccination protects people with blood cancer

Written By : Dr. Kamal Kant Kohli Published On 2022-12-29T20:00:19+05:30  |  Updated On 29 Dec 2022 8:00 PM IST
COVID-19 vaccination protects people with blood cancer
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People suffering from blood cancer often have a weak immune system, putting them at higher risk of falling seriously ill with COVID-19. Some cancer therapies, moreover, result in these patients forming few or no antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 after COVID-19 vaccination. However, vaccination can also activate so-called T cells, which are responsible particularly for the long-term immune response.

A team led by physicians Dr. Andrea Keppler-Hafkemeyer and Dr. Christine Greil from the Medical Center-University of Freiburgand virologist Prof. Oliver T. Keppler from LMU Munich has now characterized in detail the course over several months of the immune response of patients with blood cancer who had received a total of three vaccinations against COVID-19. The results allow inferences about the protection that vaccination gives these patients against serious illnesses from SARS-CoV2.

Strong T cell response to COVID-19 vaccination

The study focused on patients with two kinds of blood cancer: B-cell lymphoma and multiple myeloma. "Our results show that almost all study participants had a strong T cell response to COVID-19 vaccination," explains Dr. Andrea Keppler-Hafkemeyer. "This could be one reason why breakthrough infections turned out to be mild to moderately severe even in study participants who had been unable to form any specific antibodies after vaccination because of their therapy," adds Dr. Christine Greil. The co-principal investigators and lead authors regularly look after blood cancer patients in the Department of Medicine I at the Medical Center - University of Freiburg.

The research group led by Prof. Oliver T. Keppler is specialized not only in analyzing the concentration of antibodies after vaccination, but also their quality. This depends particularly on the strength of the bonds between antibodies and the viral spike protein. In addition, the ability of antibodies to neutralize different SARS-CoV-2 variants in cell cultures plays a major role. As the next step, therefore, the scientists compared the quantity and quality of antibodies and T cell responses to the spike protein among blood cancer patients and healthy study participants after two and three COVID-19 vaccinations.

High-quality antibodies against different SARS-CoV-2 variants

The study revealed that patients who can form antibodies tend to produce antibodies of particularly high quality. After their second vaccination, they are already able to neutralize and thus deactivate different SARS-CoV-2 variants. This ability is considerably more pronounced in this patient cohort than in vaccinated healthy people.

"COVID-19 vaccination can generate very broad antiviral immunity-including highly potent neutralizing antibodies-in patients with various types of blood cancer. Consequently, multiple vaccine doses can be recommended for patients with B-cell lymphoma or multiple myeloma without interrupting therapy," summarizes Prof. Oliver T. Keppler.

Reference:

Keppler-Hafkemeyer, A., Greil, C., Wratil, P.R. et al. Potent high-avidity neutralizing antibodies and T cell responses after COVID-19 vaccination in individuals with B cell lymphoma and multiple myeloma. Nat Cancer (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s43018-022-00502-x

Nature CancerCOVID-19blood cancerCOVID-19 vaccinationSARS-CoV-2cancercancer therapies
Source : Nature Cancer
Dr. Kamal Kant Kohli
Dr. Kamal Kant Kohli

Dr Kamal Kant Kohli-MBBS, DTCD- a chest specialist with more than 30 years of practice and a flair for writing clinical articles, Dr Kamal Kant Kohli joined Medical Dialogues as a Chief Editor of Medical News. Besides writing articles, as an editor, he proofreads and verifies all the medical content published on Medical Dialogues including those coming from journals, studies,medical conferences,guidelines etc. Email: drkohli@medicaldialogues.in. Contact no. 011-43720751

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