Diagnosis and management of bone infections in children: PIDS-IDSA guideline

Written By : Hina Zahid |Medically Reviewed By : Dr. Kamal Kant Kohli Published On 2021-08-07T09:45:38+05:30 | Updated On 7 Aug 2021 10:40 AM IST

USA: The Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society (PIDS) and the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) have released a new guideline for the diagnosis and management of acute hematogenous osteomyelitis in pediatric patients.

According to the guideline, invasive diagnostic tests play an important role in the treatment of bone infections in children, but these tests may not always be necessary or feasible.

The clinical practice guideline, published in the Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society, is the first-ever developed on the diagnosis and management of acute hematogenous osteomyelitis in pediatric patients.

These infections occur when bacteria in the blood enter the bone and spreads, causing symptoms such as pain, fever, a limp, or swelling, and can lead to serious, disabling complications if not treated appropriately. Bone specimens or other samples can help confirm the type of bacteria causing an infection and the appropriate antibiotics for treatment. The new guideline recommends such testing but acknowledges that collecting these specimens, which may involve invasive surgical procedures requiring sedation or anesthesia, often may not be possible.

"We prefer being able to know the identity of the microbe causing the infection, as well as the antimicrobial agents to which it is susceptible," said Charles R. Woods, MD, MS, lead author of the guideline, chair of the Department of Pediatrics at the University of Tennessee College of Medicine in Chattanooga and chief medical officer at Children's Hospital at Erlanger in Chattanooga. "However, we realize there are times when getting a specimen that may provide us with these answers is not feasible, and, fortunately, we usually can provide appropriate care for the child when this information is not available to us."

The recommendation is one of 14 in the new guideline, which addresses key questions related to diagnosing and treating acute hematogenous osteomyelitis in otherwise healthy patients between 1 month and 18 years of age in North America, in addition to identifying areas where more research is needed. The new guidance includes a discussion of when to transition hospitalized children with bone infections from intravenous (IV) to oral antibiotic therapy, an area of wide variation in current practice among, and even sometimes within, different medical centers.

"As soon as there is significant clinical improvement, the child is able to tolerate oral therapy, and there is a reasonable oral option, then we recommend switching to oral therapy as a preference over continuing IV treatment either in the hospital or at home," Dr. Woods said.

The guideline is intended for all clinicians and health care providers who care for children with bone infections, including specialists in pediatric infectious diseases, orthopedics, and emergency care medicine. Developed by a multidisciplinary panel of physician experts using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology, the PIDS-IDSA guideline has also been endorsed by the Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America and by relevant sections and committees of the American Academy of Pediatrics.

"Bone infections in children can cause severe complications if left untreated," said PIDS President Kristina Bryant, MD, professor of pediatrics at the University of Louisville and hospital epidemiologist at Norton Children's Hospital. "This new guideline provides thoughtfully reasoned recommendations based on a careful review of the current evidence to help clinicians across multiple disciplines identify and manage these infections."

Reference:

"Clinical Practice Guideline by the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society and the Infectious Diseases Society of America: 2021 Guideline on Diagnosis and Management of Acute Hematogenous Osteomyelitis in Pediatrics," is published in the Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society.

DOI: https://academic.oup.com/jpids/advance-article/doi/10.1093/jpids/piab027/6338658

bone infectionacute hematogenous osteomyelitisJournal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society

Source : Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society

Hina Zahid

Hina Zahid Joined Medical Dialogue in 2017 with a passion to work as a Reporter. She coordinates with various national and international journals and association and covers all the stories related to Medical guidelines, Medical Journals, rare medical surgeries as well as all the updates in the medical field. Email: editorial@medicaldialogues.in. Contact no. 011-43720751

Dr. Kamal Kant Kohli

Dr Kamal Kant Kohli-MBBS, DTCD- a chest specialist with more than 30 years of practice and a flair for writing clinical articles, Dr Kamal Kant Kohli joined Medical Dialogues as a Chief Editor of Medical News. Besides writing articles, as an editor, he proofreads and verifies all the medical content published on Medical Dialogues including those coming from journals, studies,medical conferences,guidelines etc. Email: drkohli@medicaldialogues.in. Contact no. 011-43720751