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Infants Born To COVID-19 Infected Mothers don't lag In Growth And Neurodevelopment: Study
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARSCoV-2) -positive neonates who were symptomatic had predominant respiratory symptoms attributed to coronavirus disease (COVID) and the morbidities may correlate to prematurity and perinatal events. Till date literature on long-term effects following COVID-19 is sparse. Munian et al conducted a study to assess clinical and neurodevelopmental outcome in early infancy for neonates born to SARSCoV-2 positive mothers.
A multicenter cohort study from 11 hospitals in Massachusetts described short term follow up of 151 newborns born to SARSCoV-2 positive mothers, till 30 days of hospital discharge although growth, neurodevelopment were not incorporated.This is the first study with a long term followup emphasizing on growth and neurodevelopment.
A total of 131 neonates born to SARS-CoV2 positive mothers were enrolled in the study ,of which 4 were lost for followup, hence 127 babies were analysed. Nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs for COVID-19 real time-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were sent at 24-48 hours of life and for SARS-CoV-2 positive neonates, repeat test was done after 10 days and they were discharged, if negative. These children were assessed in the neonatal follow-up clinic at 14 days following discharge, then at 6 weeks, 3 months and 6 months of corrected age.
Key findings of the study are:
-All mothers were RT-PCR positive at median (IQR) of 5 (2,8)days before delivery. Twenty neonates were SARS-CoV2 positive and remaining were negative.
-SARS-CoV-2 positive neonates (group I) were more symptomatic (P=0.012), more commonly had sepsis (P=0.014) or pneumonia (P=0.029), and had longer duration of hospital stay (p<0.001) as compared to negative neonates.
-Researchers noted that both the groups-SARS-CoV2 positive and negative neonates were similar in growth and neurodevelopment at 6 months of follow-up.
-Readmission was similar in both the groups- four babies were rehospitalised, due to laryngomalacia, hyperbilirubinemia, ventricular arrhythmia and blood culture positive sepsis, respectively, none directly associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Authors conclude that-"There are no differences in growth, neurodevelopment, and hospital readmission in early infancy between SARS-CoV-2 positive and negative neonates born to SARS-CoV-2 positive mothers."
Source: Munian D, Das R, Hazra A, Ray S. Outcome of Neonates Born to COVID-Positive Women at 6 Months of Age. Indian Pediatr. 2021 Sep 15;58(9):853-856.
Dr Kamal Kant Kohli-MBBS, DTCD- a chest specialist with more than 30 years of practice and a flair for writing clinical articles, Dr Kamal Kant Kohli joined Medical Dialogues as a Chief Editor of Medical News. Besides writing articles, as an editor, he proofreads and verifies all the medical content published on Medical Dialogues including those coming from journals, studies,medical conferences,guidelines etc. Email: drkohli@medicaldialogues.in. Contact no. 011-43720751