Study reveals connection of gut health and mental well being- Probiotics May alleviate symptoms of Anxiety

The gut-brain axis plays a major role in mental well-being, and more evidence is now emerging to show that gastrointestinal microbiota dysbiosis, or dysbiosis of the gastrointestinal microbiota, might be implicated in causation and maintenance of anxiety disorders. The gut microbiota contains trillions of microbes that make up many physiological systems, such as immune function and production of neurotransmitters. Current studies have concentrated on the gut-brain axis, and it has been found that microbial imbalance can interfere with communication pathways and lead to psychiatric conditions like anxiety.

The major aim of the current review was to evaluate differences in the gut microbiota composition between those suffering from anxiety disorders and whether or not probiotics have the capability of lessening the symptoms. Literature research on PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, and Google Scholar was undertaken for selecting the studies examining the interrelationship of gut microbiota with anxiety, and also on the application of probiotics.

Findings

• Decreased microbial diversity: Decline in microbial diversity was commonly noted among people with anxiety disorders, demonstrating an imbalance in gut flora.

• Decreased abundance of short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing bacteria: SCFAs are important in gut and brain health through inflammation regulation and neurotransmitter function. Anxiety disorder patients had decreased amounts of such health-enhancing bacteria.

• Probiotic effects: Some probiotics, specifically members of the genus Lactobacillus, were promising in terms of improving symptoms of anxiety through restoring microbiological balance. These probiotics affect neurotransmitter levels and inflammatory responses, both of which are involved in the modulation of anxiety.

Gut-brain axis is a bidirectional network of communication between the central nervous system and the gastrointestinal tract. There are some mechanisms that can be responsible for the connection between gut dysbiosis and anxiety disorders:

Modulation of neurotransmitters: The microbiota of the gut affect neurotransmitter synthesis, for example, serotonin and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), which have roles in regulating mood and anxiety.

• Inflammatory pathways: Dysbiosis may contribute to systemic inflammation, which has been implicated in mental disorders.

• HPA axis regulation: The gut microbiota composition affects the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, which regulates stress response, and thus potentially modulates anxiety levels.

Gut dysbiosis appears to be strongly linked with anxiety disorders, and reduced microbial diversity and lower SCFA-producing bacteria are key features. Probiotic interventions, especially those including Lactobacillus strains, have been shown to relieve anxiety symptoms through the modulation of gut microbiota composition. Further studies are required to optimize probiotic therapies and elucidate the full effects on mental health. These results highlight the therapeutic potential of gut microbiota modulation as a new treatment strategy for anxiety disorders.

Reference: