Coronary artery disease in Indian males undergoing PCI is common

In a retrospective study, a group of Indian researchers aimed to explore the prevalence of risk factors and trends of obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) in Indian females less than 45 years of age compared to males of the same age group who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

They conducted a retrospective, observational, multicenter study of young Indian females and males (<45 years) who underwent PCI as per the guidelines at three high-volume centers in India.

In a group of 3656 patients under the age of 45 who had PCI, 3.1% of those with obstructive CAD were young women, while 6.9% were young men. Traditional risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, and family history of premature CAD were equally common in both genders, whereas dyslipidemia, overweight, smoking, and, alcoholism were more common in young males. Acute coronary syndrome was the most common clinical presentation.

The single-vessel disease was common, with the involvement of the left anterior descending artery as the most common angiographic feature. The prevalence of cardiogenic shock was 4.4% in females and 4.1% in males, while the in-hospital mortality rate was 1.77% in young females and 2% in young males.

The researchers, therefore, concluded that Obstructive CAD in young men and women accounted for 10% of all CAD cases requiring PCI. Although men account for the majority of patients, CAD in women under the age of 45 is not uncommon. Traditional risk factors are becoming more prevalent in younger women.

Reference:

Pankaj Jariwala, Alwala Padmavathi, Rahul Patil, Kamal deep Chawla, Kartik Jadhav, The prevalence of risk factors and pattern of obstructive coronary artery disease in young Indians (< 45 years) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: A gender-based multi-center study, Indian Heart Journal,2022, ISSN 0019-4832,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ihj.2022.07.001.