Study Finds Dietary Changes May Enhance Mitochondrial Function and Decrease Inflammation in Obesity
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A randomized clinical trial involving obese individuals highlighted the significance of dietary interventions in improving mitochondrial functions and the metabolic profile of monocytes, which are key aspects for controlling chronic inflammation in obesity.
The study was published in the journal Clinical Nutrition.
Various dietary interventions, such as calorie restriction, intermittent fasting, and ketogenic diets, are popular for improving metabolic profiles and promoting weight loss in obese individuals. Mitochondria, essential for cellular energy, adapt to environmental signals to manage energy use. In obesity, mitochondrial dysfunction in monocytes contributes to chronic inflammation, a key feature of obesity. Monocytes regulate fatty acid oxidation to reduce inflammation in low-glucose conditions, suggesting dietary restrictions may impact monocyte bioenergetics.
In the randomized clinical trial, 44 obese individuals were randomly assigned to one of four dietary interventions: calorie restriction, intermittent fasting, a ketogenic diet, or an ad libitum habitual diet for one month. They then received the antibiotic rifaximin while continuing their assigned diets for another month to assess the gut microbiota's role in modulating the diets' effects on mitochondrial function in monocytes. Over four follow-up visits, researchers measured mitochondrial function in monocytes, serum anthropometric and biochemical parameters, and gut microbiota composition in fecal samples.
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