All about NEET UG 2024: Full form, Eligibility, Exam Pattern and Syllabus
The full form of NEET UG is the National Eligibility cum Entrance Test- Undergraduate, which is the main entrance exam for students seeking admission to undergraduate medical programmes in India. It was introduced in 2013 by the Medical Council of India (MCI) and the Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE).
NEET UG replaced many medical entrance exams like the All India Pre-Medical Test (AIPMT) and other state exams, streamlining the admission process and ensuring a more transparent and standardized evaluation system.
Before NEET UG, each Indian state conducted its separate medical entrance exams, resulting in varying eligibility criteria, syllabus, and difficulty levels. As there was a lack of a uniform evaluation system, students had to face stress and financial burdens and take multiple examinations during the same academic year. Therefore, NEET UG was introduced in 2013 to address these problems.
After implementing NEET UG, students are assessed on the same parameters, promoting fairness and eliminating regional disparities. NEET UG has also helped decrease corruption and malpractices in the admission process.
The NEET UG 2024 exam will be held on 5th May 2024.
NEET UG 2024 Exam Pattern:
NEET UG 2024 is an offline, pen-and-paper-based examination which is conducted annually by the National Testing Agency (NTA). The exam comprises of a single-question paper with 180 multiple-choice questions (MCQs) covering Physics, Chemistry, and Biology (Botany and Zoology). The exam lasts 3 hours and 20 minutes and is held in various languages, making it accessible to many students.
Each subject has two sections: Section A has 35 questions, and Section B has 15 questions. Candidates can attempt any 10 questions out of the 15 questions section.
| No. | Subjects | Sections | No. of Questions | Marks- Each question carries 4 marks | Question Type | |
| 1. | Botany | Section A | 35 | 140 | MCQ | |
| Section B | 15 | 40 | ||||
| 2. | Zoology | Section A | 35 | 140 | ||
| Section B | 15 | 40 | ||||
| 3. | Physics | Section A | 35 | 140 | ||
| Section B | 15 | 40 | ||||
| 4. | Chemistry | Section A | 35 | 140 | ||
| Section B | 15 | 40 | ||||
| Total Marks | 720 | |||||
The test aims to assess a candidate's understanding of concepts, problem-solving skills, and application of knowledge in medical sciences.
In Section A MCQs- Each correct answer is given four marks, while one mark is deducted for each wrong answer and the unanswered question gets no marks.
In Section B MCQs: Candidates need to attempt 10 out of the 15 questions. If a candidate attempts more than 10 questions only the first 10 questions attempted are considered while checking. There is no negative marking for section B. But, if any discrepancy is found later on, this rule will be followed: Each correct answer is given four marks, while one mark is deducted for each wrong answer, and the unanswered question gets no marks.
The duration of the exam is 03 hours and 20 minutes. PwBD candidates (those with physical limitations affecting writing) are given compensatory time of one hour and five minutes, irrespective of whether they used a scribe or not, for the three hours and twenty minutes (03:20 hrs) duration of the examination.
NEET UG is held for admissions to various medical courses like MBBS, BDS, BAMS, BSMS, BUMS, and BHMS. These courses are offered by medical institutions that follow the norms, guidelines, and regulations the relevant Regulatory Bodies set forth under the NCISM Act, 2020 and NCH Act, 2020.
Languages offered for question paper:
The candidates can choose exam question papers in 13 languages- English, Hindi, Odia, Punjabi, Tamil, Telugu, Assamese, Bengali, Gujarati, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, and Urdu.
Candidates who opt to take the test in English, Hindi, or a regional language will be given a test booklet with questions in English and their chosen language. As an example, if an applicant selects Tamil, the test booklet will have questions in Tamil, English, and Hindi. However, the English original of a test question shall be taken as the definitive and final version if there is any ambiguity or doubt in the translation. The National Testing Agency's (NTA) judgement shall be final and binding.
Benefits of NEET UG 2024:
NEET UG has brought about significant changes in the Indian undergraduate admission system. Some of the key impacts include:
· Standardization of Evaluation: NEET UG has standardized the evaluation process, ensuring that students from different states are judged fairly and equally.
· Boost to Meritorious Students: NEET UG rewards students based on merit rather than their state of origin or other discriminatory factors. As a result, deserving candidates, regardless of their background, have a better chance of securing seats in reputed medical colleges.
· Curbing Commercialization of Education: The centralized nature of NEET UG has significantly reduced the commercialization of medical education. Earlier, private medical colleges used to conduct separate exams, leading to exorbitant fees and rampant profiteering.
· Strengthening Medical Infrastructure: With the elimination of capitation fees and a more transparent admission process, NEET UG has helped in attracting better talent to government medical colleges. This, in turn, has strengthened the medical infrastructure of the country.
NEET UG Eligibility 2024:
The candidate must be 17 years old at the time of admission or will turn 17 on or before December 31st of the year they are admitted to the first year of the undergraduate medical course.
The candidate must have a 10+2 or equivalent diploma from a recognised board, with Physics, Biology/Biotechnology, Chemistry, and English as core courses.
According to the Under Graduate Medical Education Board (UGMEB), NEET (UG) exam applicants have no upper age limit. This indicates that there is no upper age limit on applicants for the exam and that candidates of any age may do so.
For Overseas Citizens of India (OCI) applicants who wish to be accepted into Indian medical or dental schools, they must also pass the NEET (UG) exam.
NEET Syllabus:
The NEET (UG) 2024 syllabus is vast and comprehensive because it covers topics in Biology (Botany and Zoology), Chemistry, and Physics. The aim of the syllabus is to evaluate the candidate's knowledge of multiple issues as well as their problem-solving skills. A general summary of the subjects covered in each is given below:
The detailed Syllabus of NEET-UG 2024 for Physics, Chemistry and Biology including the Units and Sub-Units are as follows:
SYLLABUS FOR NEET (UG) - 2024
PHYSICS
UNIT 1: PHYSICS AND MEASUREMENT
Units of measurements. System of Units,, S I Units, fundamental and derived units, least count, significant figures, Errors in measurements , Dimensions of Physics quantities, dimensional analysis, and its applications.
UNIT 2: KINEMATICS
I he frame of reference, motion in a straight line. Position- time graph, speed and velocity; Uniform and non-uniform motion, average speed and instantaneous velocity, uniformly accelerated motion, velocity-time, position-time graph, relations for uniformly accelerated motion. Scalars and Vectors. Vector. Addition and subtraction,, scalar and vector products. Unit Vector. Resolution of a Vector. Relative Velocity. Motion in a plane, Projectile Motion. Uniform Circular Motion.
UNIT 3: LAWS OF MOTION
Force and inertia, Newton's First law of motion; Momentum, Newton’s Second Law of motion. Impulses; Neulon's Third Law of motion. Law of conservation of linear momentum and its applications. Equilibrium of concurrent forces.
Static and Kinetic friction, laws of friction, rolling friction.
Dynamics of uniform circular motion: centripetal force and its applications: vehicle on a level circular road, vehicle on a banked road.
UNIT 4: WORK, ENERGY, AND POWER
Work done by a constant force and a variable force: kinetic and potential energies, work-energy theorem, power.
The potential energy of spring conservation of mechanical energy, conservative and non-conservative forces; motion in a vertical circle: Elastic and inelastic collisions in one and two dimensions.
UNITS 5 : ROTATIONAL MOTION
Centre of the mass of a two-particle system. Centre of the mass of a rigid body; Basic concepts of rotational motion; moment of a force; torque, angular momentum, conservation of angular momentum and its applications;
The moment of inertia, the radius of gyration, values of moments of inertia forsimple geometrical objects, parallel and perpendicular axes theorems, and their applications. Equilibrium of rigid bodies, rigid body rotation and equations of rotational motion . comparison of linear and rotational motions.
UNIT 6: GRAVITATION
The universal law of gravitation. Acceleration due to gravity and its variation with altitude and depth. Kepler's law of planetary motion. Gravitational potential energy; gravitational potential. Escape velocity. Motion of a satellite, orbital velocity, time period and energy of satellite.
UNIT 7: PROPERTIES OF SOLIDS AND LIQUIDS
Elastic behaviour, Stress-strain relationship, Hooke's Law. Young's modulus, bulk modulus, modulus of rigidity. Pressure due to a fluid column; Pascal's law and its applications. Effect of gravity on fluid pressure.
Viscosity. Stokes' law. terminal velocity, streamline, and turbulent flow.critical velocity . Bernoulli’s principle and its applications.
Surface energy and surface tension, angle of contact, excess of pressure across a curved surface, application of surface tension - drops, bubbles, and capillary rise. Heat, temperature, thermal expansion; specific heat capacity, calorimetry; change of state, latent heat. Heat transfer¬conduction. convection, and radiation.
UNIT 8: THERMODYNAMICS
Thermal equilibrium, zeroth law of thermodynamics, the concept of temperature. Heat, work, and internal energy. The first law of thermodynamics, isothermal and adiabatic processes.
The second law of thermodynamics: reversible and irreversible processes.
UNIT 9: KINETIC THEORY OF GASES
Equation of state of a perfect gas. work done on compressing a gas, Kinetic theory of gases - assumptions, the concept of pressure. Kinetic interpretation of temperature: RMS speed of gas molecules: Degrees of freedom. Law' of equipartition of energy and applications to specific heat capacities of gases; Mean free path. Avogadro's number.
UNIT 10: OSCILLATIONS AND WAVES
Oscillations and periodic motion - time period, frequency, displacement as a function of time. Periodic functions. Simple harmonic motion (S.H.M.) and its equation; phase: oscillations of a spring -restoring force and force constant: energy in S.H.M. - Kinetic and potential energies: Simple pendulum - derivation of expression for its time period:
Wave motion. Longitudinal and transverse waves, speed of travelling wave. Displacement relation for a progressive w’ave. Principle of superposition of waves, reflection of waves. Standing waves in strings and organ pipes, fundamental mode and harmonics. Beats.
UNIT 11: ELECTROSTATICS
Electric charges: Conservation of charge. Coulomb's law forces between two point charges, forces between multiple charges: superposition principle and continuous charge distribution.
Electric field: Electric field due to a point charge, Electric field lines. Electric dipole, Electric field due to a dipole. Torque on a dipole in a uniform electric field.
Electric flux. Gauss's law and its applications to find field due to infinitely long uniformly charged straight wire, uniformly charged infinite plane sheet, and uniformly charged thin spherical shell. Electric potential and its calculation for a point charge, electric dipole and system of charges; potential difference, Equipotential surfaces. Electrical potential energy of a system of two point charges and of electric dipole in an electrostatic field.
Conductors and insulators. Dielectrics and electric polarization, capacitors and capacitances,, the combination of capacitors in series and parallel, capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor with and without dielectric medium between the plates. Energy stored in a capacitor.
UNIT 12: CURRENT ELECTRICITY
Electric current. Drift velocity, mobility and their relation with electric current.. Ohm's law. Electrical resistance.. V-l characteristics of Ohmic and non-ohmic conductors. Electrical energy and power. Electrical resistivity and conductivity. Series and parallel combinations of resistors; Temperature dependence of resistance.
Internal resistance, potential difference and emf of a cell, a combination of cells in series and parallel. Kirchhoffs laws and their applications. Wheatstone bridge. Metre Bridge.
UNIT 13: MAGNETIC EFFECTS OF CURRENT AND MAGNETISM
Biot - Savart law and its application to current carrying circular loop. Ampere's law and its applications to infinitely long current carrying straight wire and solenoid. Force on a moving charge in uniform magnetic and electric fields.
Force on a current-carrying conductor in a uniform magnetic field. The force between two parallel currents carrying conductors-definition of ampere. Torque experienced by a current loop in a uniform magnetic field: Moving coil galvanometer, its sensitivity, and conversion to ammeter and voltmeter.
Current loop as a magnetic dipole and its magnetic dipole moment. Bar magnet as an equivalent solenoid, magnetic field lines; Magnetic field due to a magnetic dipole (bar magnet) along its axis and perpendicular to its axis. Torque on a magnetic dipole in a uniform magnetic field. Para¬. dia- and ferromagnetic substances with examples, effect of temperature on magnetic properties.
UNIT 14: ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION AND ALTERNATING CURRENTS
Electromagnetic induction: Faraday's law. Induced emf and current: Lenz’s Law. Eddy currents. Self and mutual inductance. Alternating currents, peak and RMS value of alternating current' voltage: reactance and impedance: LCR series circuit, resonance: power in AC circuits, wattless cunent. AC generator and transformer.
UNIT 15: ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES
Displacement current. Electromagnetic waves and their characteristics, Transverse nature of electromagnetic waves, Electromagnetic spectrum (radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible, ultraviolet. X-rays. Gamma rays), Applications of e.m. waves.
UNIT 16: OPTICS
Reflection of light, spherical mirrors, morror formula. Refraction of light at plane and spherical surfaces, thin lens formula and lens maker formula. Total internal reflection and its applications. Magnification. Power of a Lens. Combination of thin lenses in contact. Refraction of light through a prism. Microscope and Astronomical Telescope (reflecting and refracting ) and their magnifying powers.
Wave optics: wavefront and Huygens' principle. Laws of reflection and refraction using Huygens principle. Interference, Young's double-slit experiment and expression for fringe width, coherent sources, and sustained interference of light. Diffraction due to a single slit, width of central maximum.. Polarization, plane-polarized light: Brewster's law, uses of plane-polarized light and Polaroid.
UNIT 17: DUAL NATURE OE MATTER AND RADIATION
Dual nature of radiation. Photoelectric effect. Hertz and Lenard's observations; Einstein's photoelectric equation: particle nature of light. Matter waves-wave nature of particle, de Broglie relation..
UNIT 18: ATOMS AND NUCLEI
Alpha-particle scattering experiment: Rutherford's model of atom; Bohr model, energy levels, hydrogen spectrum. Composition and size of nucleus, atomic masses, Mass-energy relation, mass defect; binding energy per nucleon and its variation with mass number, nuclear fission, and fusion.
UNIT 19: ELECTRONIC DEVICES
Semiconductors; semiconductor diode: I-V characteristics in forward and reverse bias; diode as a rectifier; I-V characteristics of LED. the photodiode, solar cell, and Zener diode; Zener diode as a voltage regulator.. Logic gates (OR. AND. NOT. NAND and NOR).
UNIT 20: EXPERIMENTAL SKILLS
Familiarity with the basic approach and observations of the experiments and activities:
1. Vernier calipers-its use to measure the internal and external diameter and depth of a vessel.
2. Screw gauge-its use to determine thickness/ diameter of thin sheet/wire.
3. Simple Pendulum-dissipation of energy by plotting a graph between the square ot amplitude and time.
4. Metre Scale - the mass of a given object by the principle of moments.
5. Young's modulus of elasticity of the material of a metallic wire.
6. Surf ace tension of water by capillary rise and effect of detergents,
7. Co-efficient of Viscosity of a given viscous liquid by measuring terminal velocity of a given spherical body,
8. Speed of sound in air at room temperature using a resonance tube.
9. Specific heat capacity of a given (i) solid and (ii) liquid by method of mixtures.
10. The resistivity of the material of a given wire using a metre bridge.
11. The resistance of a given w ire using Ohm's law.
12. Resistance and figure of merit of a galvanometer by half deflection method.
13. The focal length of;
(i) Convex mirror
(ii) Concave mirror, and
(iii) Convex lens, using the parallax method.
14. The plot of the angle of deviation vs angle of incidence for a triangular prism.
15. Refractive index of a glass slab using a travelling microscope.
16. Characteristic curves of a p-n junction diode in forward and reverse bias.
17. Characteristic curves of a Zener diode and finding reverse break down voltage.
18. Identification of Diode. LED,. Resistor. A capacitor from a mixed collection of such items.
CHEMISTRY
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
UNIT I: SOME BASIC CONCEPTS IN CHEMISTRY
Matter and its nature, Dalton's atomic theory: Concept of atom, molecule, element, and compound:: Laws of chemical combination; Atomic and molecular masses, mole concept, molar mass, percentage composition, empirical and molecular formulae: Chemical equations and stoichiometry.
UNIT 2: ATOMIC STRUCTURE
Nature of electromagnetic radiation, photoelectric effect: Spectrum of the hydrogen atom. Bohr model of a hydrogen atom - its postulates, derivation of the relations for the energy of the electron and radii of the different orbits, limitations of Bohr's model; Dual nature of matter, de Broglie's relationship. Heisenberg uncertainty principle. Elementary ideas of quantum mechanics, quantum mechanics, the quantum mechanical model of the atom, its important features. Concept of atomic orbitals as one-electron wave functions:
quantum numbers (principal, angular momentum, and magnetic quantum numbers) and their significance; shapes of s, p, and d - orbitals, electron spin and spin quantum number: Rules for filling electrons in orbitals - Aufbau principle. Pauli's exclusion principle and Hund's rule, electronic configuration of elements, extra stability of half-filled and completely filled orbitals.
UNIT 3: CHEMICAL BONDING AND MOLECULAR STRUCTURE
Kossel - Lewis approach to chemical bond formation, the concept of ionic and covalent bonds.
Ionic Bonding: Formation of ionic bonds, factors affecting the formation of ionic bonds: calculation of lattice enthalpy.
Covalent Bonding: Concept of electronegativity. Fajan’s rule, dipole moment: Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR ) theory and shapes of simple molecules.
Quantum mechanical approach to covalent bonding: Valence bond theory - its important features, the concept of hybridization involving s. p. and d orbitals; Resonance.
Molecular Orbital Theory - Its important features. LCAOs, types of molecular orbitals (bonding, antibonding), sigma and pi-bonds, molecular orbital electronic configurations of homonuclear diatomic molecules, the concept of bond order, bond length, and bond energy.
Elementary idea of metallic bonding. Hydrogen bonding and its applications.
UNIT 4: CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS
Fundamentals of thermodynamics: System and surroundings, extensive and intensive properties, state functions, types of processes. ,
The first law of thermodynamics - Concept of work, heat internal energy and enthalpy, heat capacity, molar heal capacity; Hess’s law of constant heat summation; Enthalpies of bond dissociation, combustion, formation, atomization, sublimation, phase transition, hydration, ionization, and solution.
The second law of thermodynamics - Spontaneity of processes; AS of the universe and AG ot the svstem as criteria for spontaneity. AG° (Standard Gibbs energy change) and equilibrium constant.
UNIT 5: SOLUTIONS
Different methods for expressing the concentration of solution - molality, molarity', mole fraction, percentage (by volume and mass both), the vapour pressure of solutions and Raoult's Law - Ideal and non-ideal solutions, vapour pressure - composition, plots for ideal and non-ideal solutions: Colligative properties of dilute solutions - a relative lowering of vapour pressure, depression of freezing point, the elevation of boiling point and osmotic pressure; Determination of molecular mass using colligative properties; Abnormal value of molar mass, van’t Hoff factor and its significance.
UNIT 6: EQUILIBRIUM
Meaning of equilibrium, the concept of dynamic equilibrium.
Equilibria involving physical processes: Solid-liquid, liquid - gas and solid-gas equilibria. Henry's law. General characteristics of equilibrium involving physical processes.
Equilibrium involving chemical processes: Law of chemical equilibrium, equilibrium constants (KP and KJ and their significance, the significance of AG and AG° in chemical equilibrium, factors affecting equilibrium concentration, pressure, temperature, the effect of catalyst; Le Chatelier s principle.
Ionic equilibrium: Weak and strong electrolytes, ionization of electrolytes, various concepts of acids and bases (Arrhenius. Bronsted - Lowry and Lewis) and their ionization, acid-base equilibria (including multistage ionization) and ionization constants, ionization of water. pH scale common ion effect, hydrolysis of salts and pH of their solutions, the solubility of sparingly soluble salts and solubility products, buffer solutions.
UNIT 7: REDOX REACTIONS AND ELECTROCHEMISTRY
Electronic concepts of oxidation and reduction, redox reactions, oxidation number, rules for assigning oxidation number, balancing of redox reactions.
Electrolytic and metallic conduction, conductance in electrolytic solutions, molar conductivities and their variation with concentration: Kohlrausch's law and its applications.
I lectrochemical cells - Electrolytic and Galvanic cells, different types of electrodes, electrode potentials including standard electrode potential, half - cell and cell reactions, emf of a Galvanic cell and its measurement: Nernst equation and its applications: Relationship between cell potential and Gibbs' energy change: Dry cell and lead accumulator; fuel cells.
UNIT 8: CHEMICAL KINETICS
Rate of a chemical reaction, factors affecting the rate of reactions: concentration, temperature, pressure, and catalyst: elementary and complex reactions, order and molecularity of reactions, rate law, rate constant and its units, differential and integral forms of zero and first-order reactions, their characteristics and half-lives, the effect of temperature on the rate of reactions. Arrhenius theory, activation energy and its calculation, collision theory of bimolecular gaseous reactions (no derivation).
INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
UNIT 9: CLASSIFICATION OF ELEMENTS AND PERIODICITY IN PROPERTIES
Modem periodic law and present form of the periodic table, s, p. d and f block elements, periodic trends in properties of elements atomic and ionic radii, ionization enthalpy, electron gain enthalpy, valence, oxidation states, and chemical reactivity.
UNIT 10: P- BLOCK ELEMENTS
Group -13 to Group 18 Elements
General Introduction: Electronic configuration and general trends in physical and chemical properties of elements across the periods and down the groups; unique behaviour of the first element in each group. .
UNIT 11: d and f BLOCK ELEMENTS
Transition Elements
General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence and characteristics, general trends in properties of the first-row transition elements - physical properties, ionization enthalpy, oxidation states, atomic radii, colour, catalytic behaviour, magnetic properties, complex formation, interstitial compounds, alloy formation; Preparation, properties, and uses of K2CR2O7 and KMNO4
Inner Transition Elements
Lanthanoids - Electronic configuration, oxidation states, and lanthanoid contraction.
Actinoids - Electronic configuration and oxidation states.
UNIT 12: CO-ORDINATION COMPOUNDS
Introduction to coordination compounds. Werner's theory; ligands, coordination number, denticity, chelation; 1UPAC nomenclature of mononuclear co-ordination compounds, isomerism; Bonding-Valence bond approach and basic ideas of Crystal field theory, colour and magnetic properties; Importance of co-ordination compounds (in qualitative analysis, extraction oi metals and in biological systems).
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
UNIT 13: PURIFICATION AND CHARACTERISATION OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
Purification - Crystallization, sublimation, distillation, differential extraction, and chromatography - principles and their applications.
Qualitative analysis - Detection of nitrogen, sulphur, phosphorus, and halogens.
Quantitative analysis (basic principles only) - Estimation of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, halogens, sulphur, phosphorus.
Calculations of empirical formulae and molecular formulae: Numerical problems in organic quantitative analysis,
UNIT 14: SOME BASIC PRINCIPLES OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Tetravalency of carbon: Shapes of simple molecules - hybridization (s and p): Classification of organic compounds based on functional groups: and those containing halogens, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulphur; Homologous series: Isomerism - structural and stereoisomerism.
Nomenclature (Trivial and 1UPAC)
Covalent bond fission - Homolytic and heterolytic: free radicals, carbocations, and earbanions; stability or carbocations and free radicals, electrophiles, and nucleophiles.
Electronic displacement in a covalent bond
- Inductive effect, electromeric effect, resonance, and hyperconjugation.
Common types of organic reactions- Substitution, addition, elimination, and rearrangement.
UNITS 15: HYDROCARBONS
Classification, isomerism, TUPAC nomenclature, general methods of preparation, properties, and reactions.
Alkanes - Conformations: Sawhorse and Newman projections (of ethane): Mechanism of halogenation of alkanes.
Alkenes - Geometrical isomerism: Mechanism of electrophilic addition: addition of hydrogen, halogens, water, hydrogen halides (Markownikoffs and peroxide effect): Ozonolysis and polymerization.
Alkynes - Acidic character: Addition of hydrogen, halogens, water, and hydrogen halides: Polymerization.
Aromatic hydrocarbons - Nomenclature, benzene - structure and aromaticity: Mechanism of electrophilic substitution: halogenation, nitration.
Friedel - Craft's alkylation and acylation, directive influence of the functional group in mono-substituted benzene.
UNIT 16: ORGANIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING HALOGENS
General methods of preparation, properties, and reactions; Nature of C-X bond; Mechanisms of substitution reactions.
Uses; Environmental effects of chloroform, iodoform freons, and DDT.
UNIT 17: ORGANIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING OXYGEN
General methods of preparation, properties, reactions, and uses.
ALCOHOLS, PHENOLS, AND ETHERS
Alcohols: Identification of primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols: mechanism of dehydration.
Phenols: Acidic nature, electrophilic substitution reactions: halogenation, nitration and sulphonation. Reimer - Tiemann reaction.
Ethers: Structure.
Aldehyde and Ketones: Nature of carbonyl group; Nucleophilic addition to >C=O group, relative reactivities of aldehydes and ketones; Important reactions such as - Nucleophilic addition reactions (addition of HCN. NH3. and its derivatives), Grignard reagent; oxidation: reduction (Wolf Kishner and Clemmensen); the acidity of a-hydrogen. aldol condensation, Cannizzaro reaction. Haloform reaction. Chemical tests to distinguish between aldehydes and Ketones.
Carboxylic Acids
Acidic strength and factors affecting it,
UNIT 18: ORGANIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING NITROGEN
General methods of preparation. Properties, reactions, and uses.
Amines: Nomenclature, classification structure, basic character, and identification of primary, secondary, and tertiarj amines and their basic character.
Diazonium Salts: Importance in synthetic organic chemistry.
UNIT 19: BIOMOLECULES
General introduction and importance of biomolecules.
CARBOHYDRATES - Classification; aldoses and ketoses: monosaccharides (glucose and fructose) and constituent monosaccharides of oligosaccharides (sucrose, lactose, and maltose).
PROTEINS - Elementary Idea of a-amino acids, peptide bond, polypeptides. Proteins: primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structure (qualitative idea only), denaturation of proteins, enzymes.
VITAMINS - Classification and functions.
NUCLEIC ACIDS - Chemical constitution of DNA and RNA.
Biological functions of nucleic acids.
Hormones (General introduction)
UNIT 20: PRINCIPLES RELATED TO PRACTICAL CHEMISTRY
Detection of extra elements (Nitrogen, Sulphur, halogens) in organic compounds; Detection of the following functional groups; hydroxyl (alcoholic and phenolic), carbonyl (aldehyde and ketones) carboxyl, and amino groups in organic compounds.
• The chemistry involved in the preparation of the following:
Inorganic compounds: Mohr's salt, potash alum.
Organic compounds: Acetanilide, p-nitro acetanilide, aniline yellow, iodoform.
• The chemistry involved in the titrimetric exercises - Acids, bases and the use of indicators, oxalic- acid vs KMnO4 Mohr's salt vs KMnO4
• Chemical principles involved in the qualitative salt analysis
Chemical principles involved in the following experiments:
1. Enthalpy of solution of CuSO4
2. Enthalpy of neutralization of strong acid and strong base.
3. Preparation of lyophilic and lyophobic sols.
4. Kinetic study of the reaction of iodide ions with hydrogen peroxide at room temperature.
BIOLOGY
UNIT 1: Diversity in Living World
• What is living? ; Biodiversity; Need for classification;; Taxonomy & Systematics; Concept of species and taxonomical hierarchy; Binomial nomenclature;
• Five kingdom classification; salient features and classification of Monera; Protista and Fungi into major groups; Lichens; Viruses and Viroids.
• Salient features and classification of plants into major groups, Bryophytes, Pteridophytes, Gymnosperms (three to five salient and distinguishing features and at least two examples of each category);
• Salient features and classification of animals-nonchordate up to phyla level and chordate up to class level (three to five salient features and at least two examples).
UNIT 2: Structural Organisation in Animals and Plants
• Morphology and modifications; Tissues; Anatomy and functions of different parts of flowering plants; Root, stem, leaf, inflorescence- cymose and recemose, flower, fruit and seed (To be dealt along with the relevant practical of the Practical Syllabus) Family (malvaceae, Cruciferae. leguminoceae. compositae. graminae).
• Animal tissues; Morphology, anatomy and functions of different systems (digestive, circulatory, respiratory, nervous and reproductive) of an insect (Frog). (Brief account only)
UNIT 3: Cell Structure and Function
• Cell theory and cell as the basic unit of life; Structure of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell; Plant cell and animal cell; Cell envelope, cell membrane, cell wall; Cell organelles- structure and function; Endomembrane system-endoplasmic reticulum. Golgi bodies, lysosomes, vacuoles; mitochondria, ribosomes, plastids, micro bodies: Cytoskeleton, cilia, flagella, centrioles (ultra structure and function); Nucleus-nuclear membrane, chromatin, nucleolus.
• Chemical constituents of living cells: Biomolecules-structure and function of proteins, carbodydrates. lipids, nucleic acids; Enzymes-types. properties, enzyme action, classification and nomenclature of anzymes
• B Cell division; Cell cycle, mitosis, meiosis and their significance.
UNIT 4: Plant Physiology
• Photosynthesis: Photosynthesis as a means of Autotrophic nutrition; Site of photosynthesis take place; pigments involved in Photosynthesis (Elementary idea): Photochemical and biosynthetic phases of photosynthesis; Cyclic and non cyclic and photophosphorylation; Chemiosmotic hypothesis; Photorespiration C3 and C4 pathways; Factors affecting photosynthesis.
• Respiration; Exchange gases; Cellular respiration-glycolysis, fermentation (anaerobic), TCA cycle and electron transport system (aerobic); Energy relations- Number of ATP molecules generated; Amphibolic pathways; Respiratory quotient.
• Plant growth and development: Seed germination; Phases of Plant growth and plant growth rate; Conditions of growth; Differentiation, dedifferentiation and redifferentiation; Sequence of developmental process in a plant cell; Growth regulators- auxin. gibberellin, cytokinin, ethylene. ABA;
UNIT 5: Human Physiology
• Breathing and Respiration: Respiratory organs in animals (recall only); Respiratory system in humans: Mechanism of breathing and its regulation in humans-Exchange of gases, transport of gases and regulation of respiration Respiratory volumes; Disorders related to respiration-Asthma, Emphysema. Occupational respiratory disorders.
• Body fluids and circulation: Composition of blood, blood groups, coagulation of blood; Composition of lymph and its function; Human circulatory system-Structure of human heart and blood vessels; Cardiac cycle, cardiac output. ECG, Double circulation; Regulation of cardiac activity; Disorders of circulatory system-Hypertension, Coronary artery disease, Angina pectoris. Heart failure.
• Excretory products and their elimination: Modes of excretion- Ammonotelism. ureotelism, uricotelism; Human excretory' system-structure and fuction; Urine formation, Osmoregulation; Regulation of kidney function-Renin-angiotensin. Atrial Natriuretic Factor, ADH and Diabetes insipidus; Role of other organs in excretion; Disorders; Uraemia. Renal failure, Renal calculi, Nephritis; Dialysis and artificial kidney.
• Locomotion and Movement: Types of movement- ciliary, fiagellar, muscular; Skeletal muscle- contractile proteins and muscle contraction; Skeletal system and its functions (To be dealt with the relevant practical of Practical syllabus); Joints; Disorders of muscular and skeletal system-Myasthenia gravis. Tetany, Muscular dystrophy. Arthritis. Osteoporosis, Gout.
• Neural control and coordination: Neuron and nerves; Nervous system in humanscentral nervous system, peripheral nervous system and visceral nervous system; Generation and conduction of nerve impulse;
• Chemical coordination and regulation: Endocrine glands and hormones; Human endocrine system-Hypothalamus, Pituitary, Pineal. Thyroid. Parathyroid, Adrenal, Pancreas, Gonads; Mechanism of hormone action (Elementary' Idea); Role of hormones as messengers and regulators, Hypo-and hyperactivity and related disorders (Common disorders e.g. Dwarfism. Acromegaly, Cretinism, goiter, exopthalmic goiter, diabetes, Addison’s disease).
(Imp: Diseases and disorders mentioned above to be dealt in brief)
UNIT 6: Reproduction
• Sexual reproduction in flowering plants: Flower structure; Development of male and female gametophytes; Pollination-types, agencies and examples; Outbreeding devices; Pollen-Pistil interaction; Double fertilization; Post fertilization events- Development of endosperm and embryo, Development of seed and formation of fruit; Special modes- apomixis, parthenocarpy, polyembryony; Significance of seed and fruit formation.
• Human Reproduction: Male and female reproductive systems; Microscopic anatomy of testis and ovary; Gametogenesis-spermatogenesis & oogenesis; Menstrual cycle; Fertilisation, embryo development upto blastocyst formation, implantation; Pregnancy and placenta formation (Elementary idea); Parturition (Elementary idea); Lactation (Elementary idea).
• Reproductive health: Need for reproductive health and prevention of sexually transmitted diseases (STD); Birth control-Need and Methods, Contraception and Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP); Amniocentesis; Infertility and assisted reproductive technologies - 1VF, ZIFT, GIFT (Elementary idea for general awareness).
UNIT 7: Genetics and Evolution
• Heredity and variation: Mendelian Inheritance; Deviations from Mendelism- Incomplete dominance, Co-dominance, Multiple alleles and Inheritance of blood groups, Pleiotropy; Elementary idea of polygenic inheritance; Chromosome theory of inheritance; Chromosomes and genes; Sex determination-In humans, birds, honey bee; Linkage and crossing over; Sex linked inheritance-Haemophilia, Colour blindness; Mendelian disorders in humans-Thalassemia; Chromosomal disorders in humans; Down’s syndrome, Turner's and Klinefelter's syndromes.
• Molecular basis of Inheritance: Search for genetic material and DNA as genetic material; Structure of DNA and RNA; DNA packaging; DNA replication; Central dogma; Transcription, genetic code, translation; Gene expression and regulation- Lac Operon; Genome and human genome project; DNA finger printing, protein biosynthesis.
• Evolution: Origin of life; Biological evolution and evidences for biological evolution from Paleontology, comparative anatomy, embryology and molecular evidence); Darwin’s contribution, Modern Synthetic theory' of Evolution; Mechanism of evolution¬Variation (Mutation and Recombination) and Natural Selection with examples, types of natural selection; Gene flow and genetic drift; Hardy-Weinberg’s principle; Adaptive Radiation; Human evolution.
UNIT 8: Biology and Human Welfare
Health and Disease; Pathogens; parasites causing human diseases (Malaria. Filariasis. Ascariasis. Typhoid. Pneumonia, common cold, amoebiasis, ring worm, dengue, chikungunya); Basic concepts of immunology-vaccines; Cancer, HIV and AIDS; Adolescence, drug and alcohol abuse.Tobacco abuse
• Microbes in human welfare: In household food processing, industrial production, sewage treatment, energy generation and as bio control agents and bio fertilizers.
UNIT 9: Biotechnology and Its Applications
• Principles and process of Biotechnology Genetic engineering (Recombinant DMA technology).
• Application of Biotechnology in health and agriculture: Human insulin and vaccine production, gene therapy; Genetically modified organisms-Bt crops; Transgenic Animals; Biosafety issues-Biopiracy and patents. -
UNIT 10: Ecology and Environment
• Organisms and environmentpopulation interactions-mutualism, competition, predation, parasitism; Population attributes-growth. birth rate and death rate, age distribution.
• Ecosystem: Patterns, components; productivity and decomposition: Energy flow'; Pyramids of number, biomass, energy
• Biodiversity and its conservation: Concept of Biodiversity; Patterns of Biodiversity; Importance of Biodiversity; Eoss of Biodiversity, Biodiversity conservation; Hotspots, endangered organisms, extinction. Red Data Book biosphere reserves. National parks and sanctuaries, Sacred Groves.
Exam Strategy:
In order to do well in the NEET UG 2024 exam, candidates must deeply study each topic according to the NEET UG syllabus. They should also concentrate on frequent practice, working on sample papers, and taking mock exams to improve their time management and problem-solving skills. Candidates can succeed in NEET UG and gain admission to top medical colleges by following a well-structured study strategy and constantly trying.
Success in NEET UG 2024 mostly depends on time management, consistent practice, and conceptual clarity. Many candidates join coaching classes to gain advice and experienced mentoring. A well-structured study strategy, commitment, and perseverance are necessary for NEET preparation.
Counselling and Reservation:
Admissions to all seats of Undergraduate Medical/Dental Courses for the NEET (UG) - 2023 followed the following specific quotas:
All India Quota Seats
State Government Quota Seats
Deemed Universities/Central Institutions/Universities
State or Management or Dental Colleges or any Private University or NRI Quota Seats in Private Medical
Central Pool Quota Seats
All seats, which include NRI Quota and Management Quota, are in private unaided/aided minority/non-minority medical colleges.
AIIMS Institutes across India/JIPMER.
For successful candidates, the counselling for seats under 15% All India Quota and 100%, which includes 85% of State quota seats of Central Institutions- ABVIMS & RML Hospital/VMMC & Safdarjung Hospital/ESIC)/ Central Universities (including DU/BHU/AMU)/ AIIMS/ JIPMER, and Deemed Universities, will be conducted by the DGHS/MCC for Undergraduate Medical/Dental Courses.
For AFMC (Armed Forces Medical College), MCC handles the registration process and forwards the registered candidates' data to AFMC Authorities for admission.
Additionally, DU/BHU and other Universities may utilize the NEET (UG) - 2023 scores for additional relevant courses they offer.
AACCC (Ayush Admissions Central Counselling Committee), which falls under the Ministry of Ayush, will serve as the counselling authority for the All-India Quota (AIQ) about BAMS (Bachelor of Ayurvedic Medicine and Surgery), BUMS (Bachelor of Unani Medicine and Surgery), and BSMS (Bachelor of Siddha Medicine and Surgery) courses under the National Commission for Indian Systems of Medicine (NCISM) Act. AACCC will also counsel Bachelor of Homeopathic Medicine and Surgery (BHMS) courses under the National Commission for Homeopathy (NCH) Act.
Stepwise approach for taking the NEET UG 2024 exam:
Step 1: Eligibility and Information- Check the eligibility criteria for the NEET (UG) 2024- examination. Read the Information Bulletin and familiarize yourself with the exam guidelines, instructions, and important dates. Regularly check the official NEET website for updates and additional information.
Step 2: Registration- Visit the NEET (UG) 2024 official website and register for the exam. Fill in personal details accurately, including name, date of birth, gender, nationality, and identification information. Give a valid mobile number and email address for communication purposes.
Step 3: Prepare Documents- Gather all necessary documents, including photographs, signatures, thumb impressions, category certificates, Class 10 and 12 certificates, and address proof. Ensure all documents are in the specified format and within the specified size limits.
Step 4: Filling Application Form: Log in to the NEET UG 2024 website and complete the application form carefully. Enter educational details, including Class 10, 11, and 12 examinations. Provide information on the examination city choices, question paper medium, and category details.
Step 5: Fee Payment- Pay the examination fee through online payment options (Debit/Credit Card, Net-banking, UPI). Verify the payment status and keep a copy of the fee payment confirmation.
Step 6: Check Application Status- After successful fee payment, verify the status of the application form to ensure it is complete and error-free. Rectify any discrepancies, if necessary, by contacting the helpdesk.
Step 7: Download Admit Card- Download the Admit Card from the official NEET UG 2024 website using login credentials. Verify all the details written on the Admit Card, such as name, photograph, and examination centre details. In case of any discrepancies, immediately contact the helpdesk.
Step 8: Exam Day Preparations- Prepare all required materials, including Admit Card, identity proof, pen, etc., for the exam day.
Step 9: Exam Day- Reach the examination centre on time as per the reporting time mentioned on the Admit Card. Follow all the examination guidelines and instructions strictly during the exam.
Step 10: Post-Exam- Preserve the Admit Card and all necessary documents for future reference and stay updated with the official NEET UG 2024 website for information on results and counselling.
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