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  • GLP-1 receptor...

GLP-1 receptor agonists and SGLT-2 inhibitors best sulfonylureas in reducing COPD exacerbations in diabetes patients

Written By : Dr.Niharika Harsha B |Medically Reviewed By : Dr. Kamal Kant Kohli Published On 2022-12-10T11:00:33+05:30  |  Updated On 10 Dec 2022 12:42 PM IST
GLP-1 receptor agonists and SGLT-2 inhibitors best sulfonylureas in reducing COPD exacerbations in diabetes patients
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A new study from Canada found that glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists and sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors were associated with a reduced risk of severe exacerbations compared with sulfonylureas in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and type 2 diabetes (T2 DM).

GLP-1 receptor agonists, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, and SGLT-2 inhibitors are commonly prescribed novel antihyperglycemic drugs that have good cardiovascular effects. Recent studies showed that they have a good pulmonary effect too. Hence researchers conducted a large population-based cohort study to determine whether GLP-1 receptor agonists, DPP-4 inhibitors, and SGLT-2 inhibitors, separately, are associated with a decreased risk of COPD exacerbation among patients with COPD and T2 DM, compared with sulfonylureas.

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Data from The United Kingdom Clinical Practice Research Datalink linked with the Hospital Episode Statistics Admitted Patient Care and Office for National Statistics databases were used for the study. New user cohorts of patients having T2 DM and starting the study drugs (GLP-1 receptor agonists, DPP-4 inhibitors, or SGLT-2 inhibitors) or sulfonylureas with a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were taken for the study. In the first cohort 1252 patients started GLP-1 receptor agonists and 14 259 started sulfonylureas, the second cohort included 8731 patients starting DPP-4 inhibitors and 18 204 starting sulfonylureas, and the third cohort included 2956 patients starting SGLT-2 inhibitors and 10 841 starting sulfonylureas.

All three comparators were separately analyzed using the Cox proportional hazards models with propensity score fine stratification weighting to estimate hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals of severe exacerbation of the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Decreased risk of exacerbations was also assessed.

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Severe exacerbation

defined as hospital admission for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,

Moderate exacerbation

defined as a co-prescription of an oral corticosteroid and an antibiotic along with an outpatient diagnosis of acute chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation on the same day.

Results:

Compared with Sulphonylureas:

GLP-1 receptor agonists

DPP-4 inhibitors

SGLT-2 inhibitors

Severe exacerbation

30% decreased risk

modestly decreased incidence

38% decreased risk

events

3.5 v 5.0 events per 100 person years

4.6 v. 5.1 events per 100 person years

2.4 v 3.9 events per 100 person years

Hazard Ratio

0.70

0.91, 0.82 to 1.02

0.62, 0.48 to 0.81

95% confidence interval

0.49 to 0.99

null value

moderate exacerbation.

0.63, 0.43 to 0.94

0.93, 0.82 to 1.07

1.02, 0.83 to 1.27

Thus, GLP-1 receptor agonists and SGLT-2 inhibitors were associated with a lower risk of severe exacerbations among patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease compared with sulfonylureas and the risk reduction associated with DPP-4 inhibitor use was small.

Take-home points:

  • GLP-1 receptor agonists were associated with a lower risk of severe and moderate COPD exacerbations among patients with type 2 diabetes and COPD, compared with sulfonylureas.
  • DPP-4 inhibitors generated very modest risk reductions in COPD exacerbations, but these were associated with wide confidence intervals that included the null value.
  • SGLT-2 inhibitors were associated with a decreased risk of severe COPD exacerbations but not moderate exacerbations.

Further reading: Pradhan R, Lu S, Yin H, et al. Novel antihyperglycaemic drugs and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations among patients with type 2 diabetes: population based cohort study. BMJ. 2022;379:e071380. Published 2022 Nov 1. doi:10.1136/bmj-2022-071380

glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonistsdipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitorssodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitorschronic obstructive pulmonary diseasetype 2 diabetesexacerbations
Source : BMJ
Dr.Niharika Harsha B
Dr.Niharika Harsha B

    BDS, MDS

    Dr.Niharika Harsha B (BDS,MDS) completed her BDS from Govt Dental College, Hyderabad and MDS from Dr.NTR University of health sciences(Now Kaloji Rao University). She has 4 years of private dental practice and worked for 2 years as Consultant Oral Radiologist at a Dental Imaging Centre in Hyderabad. She worked as Research Assistant and scientific writer in the development of Oral Anti cancer screening device with her seniors. She has a deep intriguing wish in writing highly engaging, captivating and informative medical content for a wider audience. She can be contacted at editorial@medicaldialogues.in.

    Dr. Kamal Kant Kohli
    Dr. Kamal Kant Kohli

    Dr Kamal Kant Kohli-MBBS, DTCD- a chest specialist with more than 30 years of practice and a flair for writing clinical articles, Dr Kamal Kant Kohli joined Medical Dialogues as a Chief Editor of Medical News. Besides writing articles, as an editor, he proofreads and verifies all the medical content published on Medical Dialogues including those coming from journals, studies,medical conferences,guidelines etc. Email: drkohli@medicaldialogues.in. Contact no. 011-43720751

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