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Effectiveness of Pfizer vaccine considerably lower among kids against omicron variant of COVID-19: JAMA

Dr. Shravani DaliWritten by Dr. Shravani Dali Published On 2022-05-16T12:00:07+05:30  |  Updated On 2022-05-16T14:28:16+05:30
Effectiveness of Pfizer vaccine considerably lower among kids against omicron variant of COVID-19: JAMA
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New studies have demonstrated that the estimated effectiveness of BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) vaccine among children and adolescents with Omicron is considerably lower than in the initial studies, and protection wanes rapidly, especially with the novel SARS-CoV-2 variants.The findings of new research have been published in the JAMA. The efficacy of 2 doses of the BNT162b2...

New studies have demonstrated that the estimated effectiveness of BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) vaccine among children and adolescents with Omicron is considerably lower than in the initial studies, and protection wanes rapidly, especially with the novel SARS-CoV-2 variants.

The findings of new research have been published in the JAMA.

The efficacy of 2 doses of the BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine (Pfizer-BioNTech) against COVID-19 was high in pediatric trials conducted before the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant emerged. Among adults, estimated vaccine effectiveness (VE) of 2 BNT162b2 doses against symptomatic Omicron infection was reduced compared with prior variants, waned rapidly, and increased with a booster.

A study was conducted to evaluate the association of symptomatic infection with prior vaccination with BNT162b2 to estimate VE among children and adolescents during Omicron variant predominance.

A test-negative, case-control analysis was conducted using data from 6897 pharmacy-based, drive-through SARS-CoV-2 testing sites across the US from a single pharmacy chain in the Increasing Community Access to the Testing platform. This analysis included 74 208 tests from children 5 to 11 years of age and 47 744 tests from adolescents 12 to 15 years of age with COVID-19–like illness who underwent SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid amplification testing from December 26, 2021, to February 21, 2022.

Two BNT162b2 doses 2 weeks or more before SARS-CoV-2 testing vs no vaccination for children; 2 or 3 doses 2 weeks or more before testing vs no vaccination for adolescents (who are recommended to receive a booster dose). The adjusted odds ratio (OR) for the association of prior vaccination and symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection was used to estimate VE: VE = (1 − OR) × 100%.

Results:

  • A total of 30 999 test-positive cases and 43 209 test-negative controls were included from children 5 to 11 years of age, as well as 22 273 test-positive cases and 25 471 test-negative controls from adolescents 12 to 15 years of age.
  • The median age among those with included tests was 10 years (IQR, 7-13); 61 189 (50.2%) were female, 75 758 (70.1%) were White, and 29 034 (25.7%) were Hispanic/Latino. At 2 to 4 weeks after dose 2, among children, the adjusted OR was 0.40 (95% CI, 0.35-0.45; estimated VE, 60.1% and among adolescents, the OR was 0.40 (95% CI, 0.29-0.56; estimated VE, 59.5%
  • During month 2 after dose 2, among children, the OR was 0.71 and among adolescents, the OR was 0.83 (95% CI, 0.76-0.92; estimated VE, 16.6%
  • Among adolescents, the booster dose OR 2 to 6.5 weeks after the dose was 0.29

Thus, among children and adolescents, estimated VE for 2 doses of BNT162b2 against symptomatic infection was modest and decreased rapidly. Among adolescents, the estimated effectiveness increased after a booster dose.

Reference:

Association of Prior BNT162b2 COVID-19 Vaccination With Symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Children and Adolescents During Omicron Predominance by Katherine E. Fleming-Dutra, et al. published in the JAMA.

doi:10.1001/jama.2022.7493

Keywords:

JAMA, BNT162b2, Pfizer-BioNTech, vaccine, Katherine E. Fleming-Dutra, Amadea Britton, Nong Shang, Gordana Derado, Ruth Link-Gelles, Emma K. Accorsi, Zachary R. Smith, Joseph Miller, Jennifer R. Verani, Stephanie J. Schrag,


covid-19 vaccine Pfizer-BioNTech BNT162b2 
Source : JAMA
Dr. Shravani Dali
Dr. Shravani Dali

    BDS

    Dr. Shravani Dali has completed her BDS from Pravara institute of medical sciences, loni. Following which she extensively worked in the healthcare sector for 2+ years. She has been actively involved in writing blogs in field of health and wellness. Currently she is pursuing her Masters of public health-health administration from Tata institute of social sciences. She can be contacted at editorial@medicaldialogues.in.

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